SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT:
amem, ames, amet, amemus, ametis, ament
habeam, habeas, habeat, habeamus, habeatis, habeant
mittam, mittas, mittat, mittamus, mittatis, mittant
audiam, audias, audiat, audiamus, audiatis, audiant
SUBJUNCTIVE PERFECT:
(amav-, habu-, mis-, audiv-)
-erim, -eris, -erit, -erímus, -erítis, -erint
SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERFECT:
(amare-, habere-, mittere-, audire-)
-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
SUBJUNCITVE PLUPERFECT:
(amav-, habu-, mis-, audiv-)
-íssem, -ísses, -ísset, -issémus, -issétis, -íssent
Main Clause |
Subordinate Clause:
On-going |
Subordinate Clause:
Completed |
Indicative Present |
Subjunctive Present |
Subjunctive Perfect |
Indicative Future |
Subjunctive Present |
Subjunctive Perfect |
Indicative Perfect |
Subjunctive Present |
Subjunctive Perfect |
Indicative Future
Perfect |
Subjunctive Present |
Subjunctive Perfect |
Indicative Imperfect |
Subjunctive Imperfect |
Subjunctive Pluperfect |
Indicative Pluperfect |
Subjunctive Imperfect |
Subjunctive Pluperfect |
Verbs show absolute/real time only when they are
in indicative mood; in every other mood, verbs show only time relative to
verbs in the indicative mood.
The sequence
of tenses are rules that apply only to subjunctive verbs in subordinate
clauses.
* * *
PRIMARY TENSES
(Present, Future, Perfect [as present perfect, e.g. "I have come"],
Future Perfect)
- the main verb in primary
tense - the subordinate verb in the
subjunctive present for ongoing action.
Edunt ut
vivant.
(They eat so that they may live.)
Haec dicit
ut pericula comprehendamus.
(He is saying these things, so that we may understand
the dangers.)
Via ita
longa est ut ad urbem numquam veniant.
(The road is so long that they never come to the
city.)
- the main verb in
primary tense - the subordinate verb in the
subjunctive perfect for completed
action.
Cognoscam
quid feceris.
(I will find out what you did.)
SECONDARY TENSES
(Imperfect, Pluperfect Perfect [as simple past, e.g. "I came"])
- the main verb in secondary
tense - the subordinate verb in the
subjunctive imperfect
for ongoing action.
Edebant ut
viverent.
(They ate so that they might live.)
Haec dicebat
ut pericula comprehenderemus.
(He was saying these things, so
that we might have understood the dangers.)
Via ita
longa erat ut ad urbem numquam venirent.
(The road was so long that they
had never come to the city.)
- the main verb in secondary
tense - the subordinate verb in the
subjunctive pluperfect for
completed action.
Cognovi quid
fecisses.
(I found out what you had done.)
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