1. Formation of adverbs:

1.4 Derive from positive adjectives:

1.4.1 For first and second declension adjectives: add -e to the stem

longus longa longum: longe

liber libera liberum: libere

pulcher pulchra pulchrum: pulchre

* Exception:

- in acc. n. sg. : ceterum, multum, nimium, paulum, primum, postremum, parum, plurimum

- in abl. sg. : cito, continuo, crebro, perpetuo, falso, raro, secreto, merito, immerito, necessario, primo, postremo, sero, subito, tuto

- certo, certe; vero, vere; bene, male; fraudulenter, violenter

- ending in -itus: antiquitus, caelitus, radicitus, divinitus

- ending in -tim: paulatim, sensim, statim, privatim, nominatim, passim

1.4.2 For third declension adjectives: add -iter to the stem (only -er if the stem ends in -nt)

fortis fortis forte: fortiter

celer celeris celere: celeriter

acer acris acre: acriter

felix felix felix, felicis: feliciter

sapiens sapiens sapiens, sapientis: sapienter

* Exception:

facilis facilis facile: facile

difficilis difficilis difficile: difficulter

tristis tristis triste: triste

audax: audacter

1.5 Derive from comparative adjectives:

The neuter of comparative adjectives ( in -ius)

1.6 Derive from superlative adverbs:

Add -issime or -rime to the stem

e.g. altus -a -um -> altissimus -> altissime

e.g. acer -cris -cre -> acerrimus -> acerrime

*Irregulars:

plurimum [most]

primo [first]

primum [in the first place]

2. Declension of adverbs:

No declension

3. Usage of adverbs:

3.1 Positive adverbs:

Hic poeta cucurrit celeriter.

3.2 Comparative and superlative adverbs:

With quam:

Hic puer celerius cucurrit quam ille.

Illa puella quam celerrime cucurrit.

* Special meaning:

quam primum [as soon as possible]