¡@
Voice: active, passive
Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive
Tense: present, imperfect, future // perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
¡@
_________________________________________________________________________________
¡@
UNFINISHED (Present system) Present:
- what is going on now or is
Melissa cantat. Melissa sings, is singing, does sing.
- an action begun in the past and still going on now (jam, jam diu, dudum, pridem)
Tres jam horas adsum. I have been here for three hours.
- instead of perfect tense
Caecilius in culinam pavonem portat et cantat. Caecilius brought a peacock to the kitchen and singed.
Imprerfect:
- what went on or was for a long time
Puer lacrimabat et infelix erat. The boy was crying and was unhappy.
- repeated action in the past
Prima luce surgebat. He used to get up at dawn.
- attempted action in the past
Puer arborem ascendebat. The boy tried to climb the tree.
- an action begun in the past and still continuing at the time mentioned (jam,jam diu, dudum,pridem)
Tres jam horas aderam. I had been present for three hours (and still was present).
Future:
- what is going to happen or will be
Epistola longa erit. The letter will be long.
_________________________________________________________________________________
FINISHED (Perfect system) Perfect:
- 'once' action in the past
Veni, vidi, vici. I came, I saw, I conquered.
- the present result of a past action
Pontem fecerunt. The have built the bridge.
¡@
Pluperfect:
- an action already completed before another action in the past
Regem occiderant priusquam pervenimus. They had killed the king before we arrived.
¡@
Future perfect:
- an action which will take place before another actin in the future
Si redieris, poenas dabis. If you return, you will be punished.
_________________________________________________________________________________
¡@
Number: singular, plural
Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Verbal adjective: participle
Verbal noun: gerund, supine
Four stems: present stem (1), present active infinitive (0), perfect stem (2), participial stem (3)
¡@
|
am-o (1) |
amare (0) |
amav-i (2) |
amat-um (3) |
- love |
|
hab-eo (1) |
habere (0) |
habu-i (2) |
habit-um (3) |
- have |
|
mitt-o (1) |
mittere (0) |
mis-i (2) |
miss-um (3) |
- send |
|
aud-io (1) |
audire (0) |
audiv-i (2) |
audit-um (3) |
- hear |
¡@
* * *
¡@
|
Active Indicative |
Active Subjunctive |
Passive Indicative |
Passive Subjunctive |
|
Present (1) |
Present (1) |
Present (1) |
Present (1) |
|
Imperfect (1) |
Imperfect (1) |
Imperfect (1) |
Imperfect (1) |
|
Future (1) |
¡@ |
Future (1) |
¡@ |
|
Perfect (2) |
Perfect (2) |
Perfect (3) |
Perfect (3) |
|
Pluperfect (2) |
Pluperfect (2) |
Pluperfect (3) |
Pluperfect (3) |
|
Future perfect (2) |
¡@ |
Future perfect (3) |
¡@ |
|
Active Imperative |
Active Infinitive |
Passive Infinitive |
|
Present (1) |
Present (0) |
Present (1) |
|
¡@ |
Perfect (2) |
Perfect (3) |
|
¡@ |
Future (3) |
¡@ |
¡@
|
Active Participle |
Passive Participle |
Gerund |
Supine |
|
Present (1) |
¡@ |
(1) |
(3) |
|
¡@ |
Perfect (3) |
¡@ |
¡@ |
|
Future (3) |
Future (1) |
¡@ |
¡@ |