連詞 Conjunctiones

Conjunctions are the "glue" of a sentence, joining clauses, phrases and words together. They are divided into two types: coordinating and subordinating. 1) 朋輩連詞 Coniunctiones coordinantes (which join clauses of equal importance) 1.1 - 「及」連詞 coniunctiones copulativae [and] et: 及 and, atque / ac: 並 and in fact, -que: 並 and, etiam: 亦 also, quoque: 亦 too, modo ... modo ...: 亦 sometimes... 亦 sometimes..., et ... et ...: 又 both .... 又 and ...., tum ... tum ...: 連 at one time .... 連 at another ...., cum ... tum ...: 連 not only .... 也 but also ..., tam ... quam ...: 又 so much .... 又 so ... 1.2 - 「或」連詞coniunctiones disjunctivae [or] aut / vel / -ve: 或 or, sive / seu: 或是 or if, aut ... aut ...: 或 either ... 或 or ..., vel ... vel ...: 或 either ... 或 or ..., sive ... sive ...: 或 whether ... 或 or ... 1.3 - 「但」連詞adversative [but] sed: 但 but, autem: 卻 moreover, verum: 然 but actually, vero: 誠然 certainly, at: 且 on the other hand, tamen: 但 however, attamen: 但 nevertheless, sedtamen: 但 but in fact, verum tamen: 但 nevertheless, atqui: 然 and yet, quidem: 果然 at any rate, immo: 而且 or rather, immo vero: 而且 or rather actually, non solum (modo, tantum) ... sed etiam ...: 不但 not only ... 而且 but also 1.4 - 「所」連詞 conclusive [therefore] igitur: 所以 therefore, Homines perfecti non sunt. Falli igitur possunt. itaque: 故此 accordingly, Nemo liber ausus est mortuum sepelire. Itaque a servis sepultus est. ergo: 於是 consequently, Cogito, ergo sum proinde: 由此 therefore, Eos ferre non possum. Proinde aut exeant aut quiescant. ideo: 由此 for this reason, propterea: 由此 therefore, ob eam rem: 由此 accordingly, ob hanc rem: 由此 because of that, ea de causa: 由此 because of that, quam ob rem: 由此 by this reason, quaproter: 由此 and therefore 1.5 - 「因」連詞 causal [because] nam: 因為 because, Amici non solum inter se diligunt, sed etiam verentur. Nam sine verecundia vera amicitia esse non potest. enim: 因為 in fact, Mihi omne tempus est meos ad libros vacuum. Numquam enim illi sunt occupati. etenim: 並因為 and as a matter of fact Verus es amicus. Etenim amicitiam tuam comprobasti. 2) 從屬連詞 Coniunctiones subordinantes (把從句與主句連接，並協助從句表達下列七種情況。有＊記號者要求情意語氣的動詞 ： which join a subordinate clause to a main clause on which it depends for its meaning) 2.1 - 時間 temporal [when] cum: 當 when, quando: 之時since, dum: 之時 provided that, donec: 至到 until, quoad: 直到 as far as, antequam / priusquam: 前 before, postquam: 後 after, ut: 一，即 as soon as, ubi: 一，即 when, ut primum / ubi primum / cum primum: 一，即 as soon as, simulac / simulatque: 一，即 as soon as 2.2 - 緣由 causal [because] quia / quod / quoniam: 因為 because, Nemo patriam quia magna est amat, sed quia sua. *cum / *quippe cum: 既然 since Cum id facere non possem, quievi. 2.3 - 意向 finality [in order to] *ut / *quo / *ne / *neve / *quominus: 為 in order to Ita vixi ut me non frustra natum existimem. 2.4 - 後果 consecutive [then] *ut: 以致 then, *ut non: 以致不 without, *quin: 以致不 but that 2.5 - 比較 comparative [like] ut (uti) / sicut / sicut (sicuti) / velut (veluti) / tamquam (tanquam) / prout / quoad: 如同 like, *quasi / *quasi vero / *ac (si) / *tamquam (si) / *quasi vero / *velut (si) / *quasi vero / *ut (si): 一如 as if 2.6 - 假如 conditional [if] si: if, sin autem: 若 but if, si modo: 倘若 if only, nisi: 除非 unless, siminus / si non: 不然 if not, dum: 只要 while, dummodo: 只要 provided that 2.7 - 雖然 concessive quamquam / etsi: 雖然 althought, etiam: 縱然 even if, *quamvis / *cum / *ut / *licet: 雖然，縱然 althought