1137 MEDICAL TERMS FROM 148 LATIN WORDS

(extracted from Sandra R. Patterson and Lawrence S. Thompson: Medical Terminology from Greek and Latin; New York 1996)

Abbreviation of Latin grammatical terms:
gen. = genitive
part. = participle
pres. = present
perf. = perfect
pf.    = perfect
pl.    = plural



1. Communication

*nomen, gen. nominis/ name
innominate/ nameless
nomenclature/ system of technical or scientific names
paranomia/ form of aphasia characterized by inability to name objects
binomen/ a species name consisting of two terms or a binomial
COMPARE WITH: ONYM-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: NOM-

*scribo, part. scriptus/ to write
circumscribed/ limited in a space
inscription/ body of a presrciption which gives the names of the drugs prescribed and dosage
scribomania/ obsessive urge to write, graphomania; morbid mental condition characterized by writing of long successions of unconnected meaningless words
prescription/ written instructions which designate the  preparation and administration of any remedy; a prescribed medicinal preparation
COMPARE WITH: GRAPH- or GRAM(M)

*fari; pres. part. fans, fant-; past part., fatus/ speak
infant/ child under two; literally, "not speaking"
fatal/ causing death; pre-ordained or already spoken
confabulate/ converse in a familiar way; as symptom of amnesia, relation of imaginary events to fill lacunae in memory
COMPARE WITH: PHRA-, LAL-, PHA-, or PHEM-, LOG-, PHON-

*sonus, noise, sound/ sound
asonia/ tone deafness
ultrasonic/ pertaining to sounds of frequencies above 20,000 cycles per  second which are inaudible to the human ear
resonance/ quality or act of resounding; the quality of the second heard on percussion of a hollow body structure
sonitus/ subjective noises in the ear

2. Movement-Actions

*cado, perf., cecidi; part., casus/ go down, fall
caduca/ memmbrane of the pregnant uterus
cadaver/ dead body
decidua/ endometrium or mucous membrane enveloping fertilized ovum, cast off after parturition
deciduoma/ uterine tumor containing decidual tissue
deciduosarcoma/ choriocarcinoma, tumor of the chorion
casualty/ accident causing injury or death, or one so disabled

*labor, part. lapsus/ fall down, slip, slide, glide; unstable
lability/ stage of being unstable or changeable
frigolabile/ capable of being destroyed by low temperature
siccolabile/ capable of being altered or destroyed by drying
prolapse/ a dropping down especially of an internal part of the body
COMPARE WITH: PTH-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: LIBI- or LABR-

*scando, part. scansum/ to climb
descensus/ falling, descent
scansion/ scanning, visual examination or an irregular manner of utterance
ascending/ having an upward course
scandent/ climbing

*salio, part. saltus/ to spring , leap, bound
resilience/ the quality of coming back to normal after straining
saltation/ act of leaping or dancing, abrupt variation in character of a species or mutation; a spurting forth of arterial blood
salient/ a prominence or projection; moving by leaps or bounds
resulatant/ the outcome of any process or action; the product(s) of a chemical reaction

*roto/ to turn or revolve
levorotation/ a twisting or turning to the left
dextrorotatory/ turning rays of light to the right
rotate/ to twist or revolve
rotator/ a muscle revolving a part on its axis
COMPARE WITH: TROP- or TREP-; VERT- or VERS-; TORQU, TORT- or TORS-; VOLV- or VOLUT-; STREPH-, STREPT-, or STROPH-; GYR-

*torqueo, pf. torsi, part. tortus/ to twist
torticollis/ deformity characterized by a twisted neck; wryneck
torquing/ the twisting of a tooth into posy=ition
torsiversion/ rotated position of a tooth in its alveolus
laterotorsion/ a twisting to one side
COMPARE WITH: TROP- or TREP-; VERT- or VERS-; ROT-, VOLV- or VOLUT-; STREPH-, STREPT-, or STROPH-

*verto, pat. versus/ to turn
retroversion/ a turning or state of being turned back
vertigo/ sensation either of moving around in space or of having objects more about the person
introvert/ a personality reaction type characterized by withdrawal from reality and emphasis upon the subjective
transversetomy/ excision of a transverse vertebral process
COMPARE WITH: VOLV- or VOLUT-; STREPH-, STREPT-, or STROPH-; ROT-; TROP- or TREP-; TORQU-, TORT-, or TORS-

*volvo and voluto/ to roll, wind, or turn round
volvulus/ a twisting of the bowel upon itself causing obstruction
volute/ spiral, rolled up
convolution/ a turn, fold, or coil of anything which is convoluted or rolled; a gyrus, one of the many folds on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere
involution/ a turning or rolling inward; the reduction in size of the uterus following delivery; the retrogressive change in vital processes or in an organ after fulfilling their functions; a backward change; diminishing of an organ in vital power or size; in bacteriology, digression from the usual morphological type
COMPARE WITH: ROT-, VERT- or VERS-; TROP- or TREP-; STREPH-, STREPT-, or STROPH-; TORQU-, TORT-, or TORS; GYR-

*moveo, part. motus, derivative adjective - mobilis/ to move
hypermotility/ excessive amount of movement mobile- movable
venomotor/ pertaining to constriction or dilation of veins
motofacient/ causing motion; pretaining to the second phase of muscular activity in which actual movement is produced
movement/ the act of moving or changing position; defecation
COMPARE WITH: KINE-

*gradior, part. gressus; gradus/ step
graduated/ marked to indicate measurement, weight, or volume; graduate tenotomy, partial surgical division of tendon of an eye muscle
aggressin/ a supposed substance rendering action of bacteria more aggressive by lowering the activity of phagocytes and weakening resisting power of the organism
plantigrade/ type of foot posture in which the entire sole of the foot is on ground when walking
centigrade/ having 100 degrees

*eo, part. itus/ go, move
concomitant/ accessory, simultaneous
exitus/ death
abient/ tending to move away from a stimulus
aditus/ approach, entrance as in aditus laryngis, upper aperture of the  larynx

*meo, part. meatus/ to pass, go; passage
meatometer/ device for measuring a passage or opening
permeable/ capable of or allowing the passage of fluids or substances in solution
meatorrhaphy/ suture of the severed end of a meatus
suprameatal/ above a meatus, especially the external auditory meatus
. the Latin word meatus is used to denote a passage or opening.
COMPARE WITH: POR-

*mitto, part. missus/ to send, let go
emissary/ providing an outlet; an outlet
remittent/ alernately abating and returning at certain intervals
commissure/ a transverse band of nerve fibers passing over the midline in the central nervous system; the coming together of two structures
intromission/ an insertion or placing of one part into another

*ambulo/ walk
ambulant/ a patient able to work but still requiring medicial care; also adjective, able to walk
ambulatory/ pretaining to an ambulant patient
somnambulism/ sleep-walking, also an induced hypnotic sleep in which the hypnotizer controls the patient; noctambulism
ambulance/ vehicle for the transportation of the sick or wounded. originally moved by manpower
COMPARE WITH: BA- or BAS-

*cedo, part. cessus/ go , move, walk, withdraw
process/ prominence or knobby growth
succedaneous/ pertaining to a substitute or a succession, as the replacement of a deciduous tooth by a permanent one
recess/ a depression or cavity as the optic or pharyngeal recesses
recession/ withdrawal of a part form its normal position

*curro, part. cursus/ run, go
excursion/ out of the usual course; extent of movement of eyes form a central position
intercourse/ social contacts
intercurrent/ intervening; referring to a disease attacking a patient already suffering form another
excurrent/ referring to ducts or channels with ab outgoing flow
COMPARE WITH: DROM-

*fluo, part. fluxus, flow; fluvius, river/ flow, river
fluorescence/ luminescence of a substance when effected by short-wave radiation
effluvium/ malodorous, exhalation, especially a toxic one
confluence of sinuses/ the union of sagittal(sagitta, arrow) with the transverse sinus
reflux/ return or backward flow; regurgitation(gurges, whirlpool)
(Note that the original Latin noun, flux, is used for a heavy flow or discharge form a body cavity, e.g., diarrhea, dysentery, menstruation.)

*fugio, part. fugitus/ flee, cause to flee
vermifuge/ agent to expel intestinal worms
figue/ serious personality disassociation, often which amnesia
fugitive/ temporary, transient
centrifugal/ retreating from the center; antonym, centripetal

*erro/ wander
aberrant/ wandering from the customary
aberration/ deviation from the normal
aberrometer/ instrucment for measuring errors in delicately balanced instrucments or in obervations
erratic/ irregular; without a fixed pattern or course
COMPARE WITH: PLAN-

*sorbeo, in compounds perf. -sorptus-/ to suck in
sorbefacient/ causing or that which causes or promotes absorption
resorbent/ an agent that promotes the absorption of abnormal matter as exudates or blood clots
resorption/ act of removal by absorption; removal of the hard parts of a tooth as a result of lysis and phagocytic action
absorptiometer/ an instruction for measuring the thickness of a liquid, drawn by capillary attraction, between glass plates; instrument for measuring the absorption of gas by liquid

*struo, part. structus/ to build, to construct
instrumental/ pertaining to instruments; being the cause of something
obstruent/ blocking up; that which closes of a normal passage in the body
obstruction/ an obstacle; the blocking of a structure so that it is prevented from functioning normally ture so that it is prevented from functioniong normally
reconstruction/ restoration of a deformed, deficient or defaced part to normal appearance or function

*tego, part. tectus/ to cover
tegument/ the skin; a covering structure
tectocephaly/ possession of a boat-shaped cranium
integumentary/ relating to the integument, the skin
tectospinal/ pertaining to the tectum mesencephali and the spinal cord
(Note that the Latin word tectum is used to denote any roof-like structure.)

*peto, part. petitus/ to seek, attack
impetigo/ inflammatory skin disease
inappetence/ lack of craving or desire, especially for food
appetition/ desire for some object

*coquo, cook; part. coctus/ cook, boil
coctolabile/ destroyed or changed by heating to the boiling point of water
coctostable or coctostabile/ capable of withstanding boiling water
coctoprecipitin/ a precipitin produced by injection of a serum that has been boiled
infusodecoction/ infusion followed by decoction; a medicine made from a crude steeped first in cold water, then in boiling water

*colo/ inhabit
colony/ a group of bacteria in a culture
sanguicolous/ living in the blood
fungicolous/ living in or around fungus
stercoricolous/ living in excrement
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: COL-

*cerno, part. certus becomes -cretus by metathesis in compounds, as discerno, part. discretus, -separate/ separate, hence secrete in modern meanings
secretion/ physiological process by which certain materials are separated
secretagogue/ an agent which induces secretion
secretin/ a hormone in mucous membrane of the duodenum to stimulate flow of pancreatic juice
secernment/ secretion, especially of a gland
COMPARE WITH: CRI-, CRIN- or CRIT-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: CRE- or CRET-

*crepo, crack; part., crepitus [also masculine noun, crackling]/
crackling
decrepitate/ to make a decrepitation or crackling noise
decrepitude/ senile degeneration
crepitation/ crackling sound as pneumonia rattle, grating of ends of broken bones
crepitant/ crackling sound
(Note that the original Latin noun, crepitus, is used as polite term for discharge of gas from intestines.)

*fundo, part. fusus/ pour, melt
funnel/ device for pouring
fusible/ capable of being melted
infundibulum/ funnel-shaped passage of the body, e.g., tube connecting frontal sinus with the middle nassal meatus
infusion/ steeping a substance in cold water or hot water (below boiling point) to secure its active principles
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: FUS-

*flo, part. flatus/ blow
inflation/ distention of a part by filling it with air, gas or liquid
deflation/ removal of air, gas, or liquid from an inflated part
sufflate/ blow up, inflate; create a condition of sufflation
exsufflation/ forceful expulsion of air from lungs naturally or mechanically

*nutrio, part. nutritus/ to nourish
malnutrition/ lack of necessary food substances in the body or improper absorption and distribution of them
nutriture/ state of body nutrition
nutrient/ food that supplies the body with its necessary elements; nourishing
hypernutrition/ supernutrition; overfeeding

*cresco, come into being, spring up; figurative, grow; part, cretus/ grow
crescent/ sickle-shaped, like a new moon (growing in size)
accretion/ growth or accumulation by external addition
excrescence/ normal outgrowth such as hair; diseased or useless growth, e.g., a wart
increment/ increase or addition
COMPARE WITH: PHY-, AUX-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: CERN- or CRET-

*fero, part. latus/ bear , produce
mammiferose/ bearing teats
deferentitis/ inflammation of the ductus deferents
efferent/ carrying away from, as efferent nerves conducting impulses from brain or spinal column to the periphery
lactiferous/ having milk; lactigerous
COMPARE WITH: GER- or GEST-, PHOR- or PHER-, LAT-, VEH- or VECT-

*fero, part. latus/ to carry, to bear
ablate/ to remove, especially bty excision
sublation/ removal
oblate/ flattened or depressed at the poles
dilation/ expansion of an orifice with a dilator; expansion of an organ, orifice or vessel; dilatation
COMPARE WITH: PHOR- or PHER-, FER-, GER- or GEST-, VEH- or VECT-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: LAT-, LATER-

*gero, part. gestus/ carry, bear
gestation/ period of intrauterine fetal development
gestosis/ any disorder of pregnancy
lactigerous/ galactophorous, lactiferous
ovigerous/ producing or carrying ova; oviferous
COMPARE WITH: FER-, PHOR- or PHER-, LAT-, VEH- or VECT-

*vebo, part. vectus/ to carry
vehicle/ a substance, usually inactive therapeutically, used in a medicinal preparation as the agent for carrying the active ingredient
vection/ the carrying of disease germs from the sick to the well
convection/ the transference of heat by means of surrents in liquids or gases which result from changes in density
vector/ an animal, usually an arthropod, which transmits the causative organismsof disease from infected to non-infected indiviuals
COMPARE WITH: GER- or GEST-, PHOR- or PHER-, LAT- FER-

*trabo, part. tractus/ to draw, drag, pull
traction/ process of drawing or pulling
protractor/ instrument for removing foreign bodies from wounds; a muscle that draws a parts forward
retractile/ capable of being drawn back or in
cephalotractor/ obstetrical forceps

*capio, part. captus, take, seize; in + capio = incipio, part. inceptus, begin/ take, seize
conception/ fertilization of ovum by male sperm
susceptible/ having small resistance to infectious disease or foreign protein; use as both an adjective and noun
interoceptive/ pertaining to action of the interoceptor, a nerve receptor activiated by stimuli within the body
exteroceptive/ pertaining to exteroceptors, such as the eye, which receive stimuli from outside the body
incipient/ beginning, as an incipuent disease

*jaceo, part. jactus, throw; jaculor, throw; jactito, to toss about;
inicio, part. injectus. throw in/ throw
injection/ forcing a fluid into vessel or cavity or under skin
ejaculation/ ejection of seminal fluids from the male urethra, or secretions of the veginal glands
jactitation/ convulsive movements; restless tossing
projection/ act of throwing forward; in paychology, distortion of a perception resulting from its respression creating such a phenomenon as hating without cause one who has loved

*quatio, part. quassus, shake, in compound verbs as -cutio, thus, percutio, strike through and through/ shake, strike
concussion/ injury caused by impact of an object; loss of function as result of this impact, a blow, or a fall
percuss/ to tap parts of body with a percussor to establish diagnosis from the sound
repercussion/ reciprocal action; action to cause swelling or eruption to subside; diagnosis of pregnancy by pushing uterus internally with finger to cause embry to rise and fall
discussion/ dispersion of tumor or swelling

*pello, part. pulsus/ to strike, push, drive, beat
repellance/ condition in which certain individuals are relativey immune to bites of arthropods
pulsation/ the rhythmic beat, as of the heart and blood vessels; a throbbing
lateropulsion/ involuntary tendency in cerebellar and labyrinthine disease to fall to one side
pulsimeter/ contrivance for measuring frequency and force of the pulse; sphygmometer
COMPARE WITH: SPHYGM-, CROT-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: PELL-

*premo, part. pressus/ to press
pressinvoscopy/ diagnosis by pressing upon the parasympathic and sympathetic nerves
pressor/ stimulating, increasing the activity of a function, especially of vasomotor activity, as a nerve, inducing an elevation in blood pressure
depressant/ an agent that will depress a body function or nerve activity
vasopressin/ a hormone which has an antidiuretic and a pressor effect elevating blood pressure

*trudo, part. trusus/ to push, press, thrust
retrusion/ process of forcing backward, especially with reference to teeth; condition of retroposed teeth
extrude/ to push out of a normal position or situation
protrusion/ condition of being forward or projecting
contrude/ abnormal lingual curve or line of dental arch; to crowd together, as the teeth

*stringo, part. strictus/ to draw tight, to bind, to contract
constriction/ a binding or aqueezing of a part, the narrowing of a vessel or opening
astringent/ drawing together or constricting; an agent which has a constricting or binding effect
astrict/ to contract or constrict; to compress; to constipate
stricture/ a narrowing or constricture of the lumen of a tube, duct, or hollow organ
COMPARE WITH: STEN-

*cingo, part. cinctus/ bind, go around, gird
cingulum/ girdle, waist; band of fibers in cingulate gyrus; eminence on lingual surface of incisor teeth
cingulectomy/ excision of cingulate gyrus
cincture/ act of girdling or encircling
cingulate/ having a girdle, especially of transverse bands or markings
shingles/ eruptionof acute inflammatory herpetic vesicles, usually at the waist, along a peripheral nerve

*ligo/ to bind
vasoligation/ ligation of a vessel, specifically the vas deferens
ligature/ process of binding or tying; a band or bandage; a ligament; a thread or wire for tying blood vessels
ligament/ a band or sheet of strong fibrous connective tissue
ligamentopexis/ suspension of uterus on the round ligaments
(Note that the Latin word ligamentum is used for a ligament.)

*iaceo/ lie
jacent/ recumbent, prone
adjacent/ lying near, coterminous
adjacency/ state of being adjacent
subjacent/ lying below

*cubo, lie down; part., cubitus; recumbo [with nasal infix in base], lie down again, or simply lie down/ lie
incubus/ burden; nightmare
recumbent/ lying down
decubitus/ bedsore; patient's position in bed
procumbent/ lying face down; prone
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: cubitus elbow, forearm, ulna

*cludo, form of claudo; includo, part. inclusus, shut in/ to close, shut, obstruct
occlude/ shut, obstruct, as chewing surfaces of teeth
occlusion/ state of closure; position of teeth when jaws are closed
buccoclusal/ pretaining to buccal and occlusal surfaces of teeth
perclusion/ inability to perform a movement
COMPARE WITH: CLI-, CLEI-, or CLEIST-

*sto, part. status/ to stand or stand still
thermostabile/ not changed or destroyed by heat
stature/ height of the body in a standing position
station/ the manner of standing; a stopping place
stable/ firm, steady
COMPARE WITH: STA-

*teneo, part. tentus/ to hold
tenscious/ adhering to, adhesive
retention/ retaining in the body that whcih does not belong there or should be excreted
incontinence/ inability to retain urine, semen, or feced through loss of sphincter control, cerebral or spinal lesions; lack of sexual restraint
tenaculum/ a sharp, hook-look, pointed instrument for grasping or holding a part
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: TEN-, TENON-, TENONT-, TEND-, or TENDIN-; TEND-, TENS-, TENT-

*sedeo, part sessus/ to sit, to settle
residual/ relating to that which is left as a residure; in psychiatry, any internal aftereffect of experience influencing later behavior
sedentary/ sitting; pertaining to an occupation or mode of living requiring minimal physical exercise
obsession/ an uncontrollable desire to dwell on an idea or an emotion or to perform a specific act
sessile/ having no peduncle but attrached directly by a broad base

*frenum/ rein, brake
frenosecretory/ pertaining to ability to inhibit secretions
frenotomy/ surgical cutting of a frenum, especially for tongue-tie
frenulum/ a little frenum; specifically, a small fold of white matter on the upper surface of the anterior medullary velum extending to the corpora quadrigemina; also in frenulum clitoridis (union of inner parts of labia minora beneath the clitoris) and frenulum labiorum pudendi (fold of membrane connecting posterior parts of labia minora)
frenal/ pertaining to a frenum
(Note that the original Latin noun, frenum, is used for a fold of mucous membrane connecting two parts and which serves to check the movement of one part (e.g., preputial frenum or frenulum [praeputium, foreskin] connecting the prepuce to the glans penis).

*duco, part. ductus/ to lead, draw
ductile/ capable of being drawn out
abducent/ abducting or leading away from; drawing away from the median line of body
adduct/ to draw toward the main axis of the body or a limb; in optics, to turn the eye inwardly
spermiduct/ the ejaculatory duct and ductus deferens considered as one
(Note that the Latin word ductus is used to denote a duct which is a narriw tubular vessel or channel, especially one conveying secretions from a gland, or else a narrow enclosed channel containing fluid.

*ago, pres. part. agens, past part. actus/ do, act, affect
reaction/ response of an organism, or part of it, to a stimulus
reagent/ substance involved in a chemical reaction
cutireaction/ reaction appearing on the skin, often used to describe reaction to inoculation
abreaction/ re-evaluation of emotionally charged memories during psychotherapeutic sessions

*facio, part. factus, make, do; efficio, part. effectus, work out , bring to pass/ make, do
factitious/ pertaining to something produced or induced artifically, e.g., a fever (artifical, ars, art, & facio)
infectious/ transmittable with or without contact
somnifacient/ causing sleep
rubefaction/ process of causing redness

*prurio, part. pruritus/ to itch
prurigo (from related prurigo, gen. pruriginis, itching)/ a chronic skin disease marked by intenselt itchy papulse
pruritus/ severce itching
antipruritic/ relieving or that which relieves itching
pruriginous/ pertaining to or of the nature of prurigo

*flecto, part. flexus/ bend
flexor/ a muscle that bends a part in contrast with extending (extensor)
flexture/ a bending (e.g., splenic flexure, bend at junction of transverse with descending colon)
reflection/ condition of being turned back upon itself, as when the peritoneum passes from the wall of a body cavity to and around an organ and back to the body wall
lateroflexion/ curvature or bending toward a side
COMPARE WITH: CAMPT-, CAMPS-, or CAMPYL-

*pono, perf. posui, part. positus; POUND through Middle English and Old French/ to put, to place
retroposed/ displaced backwards
suppository/ a semisolid, fusible substance for introduction into rectum, vagina, or urethra where it dissolves, often a vehicle for medicines
compound/ a substance composed of two or more units or parts; made up of more than one part
anteposition/ anterior displacement of the uterus
COMPARE WITH: THE-French/ to put, to place

*iungo, part. iunctus, join; iugum, yoke/ to join, yoke
junction/ place at which two parts join, e.g., a myoneural junction
conjunctiva/ mucous membrane which lines eyelids and is reflected onto eyeball
conjunctivoma/ tumor of the conjunctiva
jugate or conjugate/ coupled, yoked, joined
COMPARE WITH: ZYG-

*baereo, pf. baesi/ to stick
adhesion/ adherence by new tisseu produced by inflammation or injury
coherent/ sticking together, as parts of bodies or fluids
cohesion/ the property of adhering
inherent/ intrinsic, belonging to anying naturally

*frango, part. fractus; in compounds with vowel gradation, infringo, part, infractus/ break
frangula (New Latin, frangula)/ the bark (highly frangible) of frangula, used as a laxative
infraction/ partial fracture of a bone without displacement of parts
diffraction/ change in light when it passes through prisms, crystals or parallel bars in a grating
refracture/ a breaking again, as a bone set improperly
COMPARE WITH: CLAS-

*rado, part. rasus/ to scrape, shave, or smooth
erasion/ laying open a diseased part and scraping away diseased tissue; scraping away morbid products
rasura or rasure/ process of scraping or shaving; scrapings or filings
erade/ to scrape off
abradant/ abrasive, scraping or wearing away; that which causes abrasion

*rodo, part. rosus/ to gnaw
rodent ulcer/ a slow-growing, gnawing cancer which steadily eats into tissue causing great destruction
corrosion/ disintegration, especially carious disintegration of a tooth
erosion/ an eating away tissue; destruction of a surface layer. either external or internal. by physical or inflammatory processes
erosive/ able to produce erosion; an agent that erodes anything

*scindo, part. scissus/ to cut, tear, or split
abscission/ the removal of a part by excision
electroscission/ divisiion of tissues by electrocautery
discission/ rupture of the capsule of the crystalline lens in operation for cataract
scissiparity/ origin by fission, schizogenesis
COMPARE WITH: TOM-, SEC- or SECT-, CID- or CIS-, FID- or FISS-

*findo, part. fissus, cleave, split; nasal infix, n, inserted into original base FID- for this verb/ split
bifid/ split in two parts, as a bifid spine (congenital fissure of vertebral column)
trifid/ split into three parts or having three clefts
fission/ pertaining to a fissure
COMPARE WITH: SCHIZ-, SCHIST- or SCHIS-

*seco, part. sectus, to cut; derivative segmentum [-, 126], a piece cut off/ to cut, to divide
sectioning/ the cutting of thin slices of tissue for examination under a microscope
secodont/ having molar teeth which have cusps with cutting edges
segmentation/ division into similar parts; the division of a fertilized egg into many smaller cells or blastomeres
dissect/ to cut apart or separate
COMPARE WITH: SCISS-, CID- or CIS-, TOM-

*caedo, perf. cecidi; in some forms, as succido, cut off or down, cis- is in part., thus, succisus/ to cut, to kill
incision/ cut made with a knife
spermicide/ substance destructive to spermatazoa
incisor/ something which cuts, as in incisor teeth
schizonticide/ an agent which destroys schizonts
COMPARE WITH: SEC- or SECT-, TOM-, SCISS-

*tendo, part. tentus and tensus/ to stretch
tensor/ a muscle making a part tense
distend/ to stretch out; to become inflated
tentorium/ a membranous cover or horizontal partition
tensive/ giving the sensation of stretching or contraction
tensure/ tension; a stretching or straining
COMPARE WITH: TA-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: TEN-, -TIN-, or TENT-; TEN-, TENON-, TENONT-, TEND-, or TENDIN-

*vello, part. vulsus/ to pluck, pull, twitch, or tear
revellent/ producing revulsion, the diversion of disease or blood from one part of the blood to another; an agent producing revulsion
vellication/ spasmodic twitching of muscular fibers
avulsion/ paroxysms of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations

3. Sensations

*sentio, part. sensus; sensitivus/ to feel or to perceive
sensibility/ the capacity to receive and respond to stimuli
sentient/ capable of preceiving sensation; sensitive
sensibilin/ a specific antibody formed at the first injection of a foreign protein
hypersensitization/ an abnormally increased succeptibility to infection
COMPARE WITH: ESTHE-, AESTH-, or ESTHESI-

*doleo and dolor/ feel pain, suffer
dolorific or dolorogenic/ causing pain
dolorimeter/ device for measurement of pain
indolent/ inactive, e.g., of an ulcer that heals slowly but causes no pain
dolophine/ a trademark for methadone
COMPARE WITH: -AGRA, ALG-, ODYN-

*patior, part. passus/ to suffer, endure, experience, or be in a certain state of mind
compatibility/ state of suitability to be mixed or taken together without unfavorable results; the ability of two individuals or groups to live together without undue strife or tension
passive/ submissive; acted upon; not active
patient/ enduring pain or injury; a person who is receiving treatment for a disease
passion/ suffering; great emotion, especially sexual excitment

*palpo; derivative palpito, tremble or throb/ to touch, stroke
impalpable/ felt with difficulty; hardly perceptible to the touch
palpate/ to examine by touch; feel
palpation/ process of examining by application of hands to external surface of body to detect evidence of disease
palpitation/ repid violent or throbbing pulsation

*tango, pf. tetigi, part. tactus/ to touch
contiguity/ contact or close association
tactile/ perceptible to the touch
tangoreceptor/ a sense organ that responds only to physical contact
tactonmeter/ instrucment to measure the acuteness of the sense of touch

*caleo/ be warm or hot
calefacient/ making warm, imparting a sense of warmth or heat
calory or calorie/ a unit of heat
calorimeter/ instrument for measuring heat
decalescence/ decrease in temperature due to absorption of heat in excess of input
COMPARE WITH: CAU-, CAUS-, or CAUST-

4. Time- Age

*tempus, gen. temporis; in reference to space and usually in the plural, the temples of the head; a period of time/ the temples; time
temporal/ pertaining to or limited in time; relating to the temples
temporosphenoid/ pertaining to the temporal and sphenoid bones
temporize/ to provide provisional or temporary treatment for a patient until a definitive diagnosis is reached
temporopontive/ pertaining to the temporal lobe and the pons
COMPARE WITH: CHRON-

*terminus, limit, end, boundary/ end or limit
termination/ the distal end of a part; the cessation of anything
terminal/ pertaining to or placed at the end
determination/ a tendency in a definite direction, as of blood, to a part; a quantitative analysis
abterminal/ away from an end and toward the center, said of electric currents in muscles

*nox, gen, noctis/ night
noctalbuminuria/ excess of albumin voided in urine at night
noctambulism/ sleep walking
nocturnal/ pertaining to or occurring in the night
COMPARE WITH: NYCT-

*senex/ old
senescence/ the process of growing old or the period of old age
senility/ the state of being old; weakness of old age, mental or physical
senilism/ old age, particularly when premature
senopia/ improvement in visual power of old people
(Note that the Latin word senium is used to denote old age.)
COMPARE WITH: GER- or GERONT-, PRESBY-

5. Human Relationships

*ego/ I
egobronchophony/ a bleating sound with bronchophony
egocentric/ pertaining to a person who withdraws from society of others and concentrates on himself
egomania/ abnormal self-esteem and self-interest
egotropic/ self-centered

*proprius/ one's own
proprioception/ the awarness of posture, movement, changes in equilibrium, and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body
proprioceptor/ a receptor which responds to stimuli originating within the body itself
proprrospinal/ pertaining wholly to the spinal cord
propriodentium/ the tissues of a tooth
COMPARE WITH: AUT-, IDI-

*mater, gen. Matris; meternus, a derivative of mater/ mother
maternity/ the condition of motherhood; lying-in hospital
maternology/ scientific study of motherhood
matrilineal/ relating to, based on or tracing descent through the maternal line
maternal/ relating to the mother, from a mother

*fetus or foetus/ blood, offspring, fetus
fetalism/ retention of fetal structures after birth
feticide/ destruction of fetal life by design
fetometry/ prenatal measurement of size of fetus or its head (by estimate)
fetoplacental/ referring to the fetus and its placenta

*genus, gen. Generis; genitalis/ race, stock, family; of generation, of birth, generative
generic/ pertaining to a genus
genitalia/ organs of reproduction
generation/ act of forming a new organism
congenerous/ possessing the same function, as synergistic muscles
(Note that the original Latin noun, genus, is used for the division between the species and the family.)

6. Objects, Shapes, Forms

*fusus/ spindle
fusobacterium/ a genus of non-spore-forming, non-encapsulated non-mobile, gram-negative bacteria
fusocellular/ spindle celled
fusospirochetal/ pertaining to fusiform bacilli and spirochetes
fusostreptococcosis/ infection with fusiform bacteria and streptococcus
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: FUND- or FUS-

*furca/ fork
furcula/ the hypobranchial eminence, an elevation in the floor of the embryonic pharynx
bifurcate/ having two branches or forks
fourchet or fourchette/ a tense band of transverse fold of mucous membrane at the posterior commissure of the vagina
furcal/ forked

*pons, gen. pontis/ bridge
pontic/ an artifical tooth set in a bridge
pontine/ pertaining to pons varolii
cerebropontile/ pertaining to the cerebrum and pons varolii
subpontine/ below the pons varolii
(Note that the Latin word pons is used to denote either a process of tissue connecting two or more parts or pons varolii, a rounded eminence on the ventral surface of the brain stem.)

*carina/ keel
carina/ any keel-like structure, e.g., the olfactory sulcus, the space between the agger nasi and the roof of the interior of the nose
carinate/ keel-shaped
paracarinal/ beside a carina, particularly the urethral carina
carinal/ pertaining to a carina

*corona; coronarius, adj. derived from noun/ crown
coronar/ pertaining to blood vessels at heart (in a crown or circle) supplying blood to its walls
coroner/ crown officer who investigate deaths from violent or unknown causes
coronal suture/ suture joining frontal and parietal bones of the cranium
corona dentis/ crown of a tooth

*pulvinus/ cushion
pulvinate/ very convex; shaped like a cushion
pulvinar/ a prominent and cushion-like part of the thalamus comprising a portion of the posterior nuclei
pulvinulus/ in zoology, a pulvillus or pad, often covered with short hair or a cushion-like or sucker0like organ or process on an insert's foot

*gutta/ drop
guttadiaphot test/ a test for detecting pathological conditions of the blood by examining transmitted light strips of red, green and blue absorbent paper on which two drops of blood have been placed
guttatim/ drop by drop
guttate/ resembling a drop; describes certain cutaneous lesions
guttiform/ drop-shaped. The original Latin noun gutta is used for drop.

*nux, gen. nucis, nut; dim. nucleus/ a central point, group, or body; cell nucleus; a kernel-like body or group; the heavy central portion of an atom
nucleolus/ a spherical body within the cell nucleus
mononuclear/ having one nucleus , especially a blood cell
nucleolnucleus/ a minute point with a nucleolus
nucin/ Juglandic acid
nucellus/ central part or nucleus of an ovule
(Note that the Latin word nucleus is used as in anterior nucleus of thalamus.)
(Note that the Latin word nux is used to denote a nut or seed, as in nux vomica.
COMPARE WITH: KARY-

*racemus/ a cluster, as of grapes
racemose/ resembling a clustered bunch of grapes, as a divided and subdivided gland ending in a bunch of follicles
racemic/ pertaining to a mixture that is optically inactive being composed of equal parts of dextroratatory and levorotatory forms of optical isomers
raceme/ an optically inactive chemical cmpound
racemization/ the conversion of the optically active form of a compound into its racemic form, usually by means of heating

*nodus/ knot
node/ a knot, protuberance, or swelling; a constricted region; a small, rounded organ or structure
internode/ space between adjacent nodes
nodule/ a small node; a small aggregation of cells
nodose/ swollen or knotted at intervals; marked by nodes or projections
(Note that the Latin word nodus is used to denote a node.)

*nidus, nest/ nest, cluster, or central area
pilonidal/ containing hairs in a cyst in nest formation
nidation/ implantation of fertilized ovum in the iterine lining
denidation/ removal during menstruation of the superficial mucosal surface of the uterus
innidiation/ multiplication of cells to a parts to which they have been carried by metastasis
(Note that the Latin word nidus is used to denote a cluster or any nest-like structure, a focus of infection, or the nucleus or orgin of a nerve

*glomus, gen. glomeris/ ball made by winding
glomerate/ conglomerate, clustered
glomerulitis/ inflammation of the glomeruli, especially the rental glomeruli
glomerulonephritis/ a form of nephritis in which the lesions may involve primarily the glomeruli
glomerulus/ a small rounded mass or spherical structure
(Note that the original Latin noun, glomus, is used for a small, round swelling made up of tiny blood vessels and found in a stroma containing many nerve fibers.)

*rete, gen. retis/ net
reticulation/ formation of a network mass
reticulocyte/ a red blood cell containing a network of granules or filaments representing an immature stage in develpoment
retiform/ resembling a network
reticuloendotheliosis/ hyperplasia of reticuloendothelium
(Note that the Latin word rete is used to denote a network or plexus of nerves or blood vessels
COMPARE WITH: PLEX-

*plexus, twined, braided or plaited/ network
complexus/ total indications or phenomena of a morbid state; semispinalis capitis muscle
plexus/ a network of nerves or vessels, either blood or lymphatic
plexiform/ resembling a network or plexus
plexal/ pertaining to or of the nature of a plexus
COMPARE WITH: RET-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: PLEX- or PLEG-

*atrium, entrance hall, pl. atria/ cavity or sinus
interatrial/ pertaining to the groove separating the two atria of the heart
atriotome/ instrucment for cutting between the cardiac atrium and ventricle
atriocoelomic/ connecting coelom and atrium
atrioventricular/ pertaining to both atrium and ventricle
(Note that the Latin word atrium is used to denote a cavity or sinus, as in atrium of the ear.)

*limen, gen. liminis/ threshold
liminal/ hardly perceptible; relating to a threshold as of consciousness
supraliminal/ above the threshold of consciousness; exceeding the stimulus threshold
subliminal/ below the thresholdof sensation; too weak to arouse sensation or muscular contraction; below the normal consciousness
(Note that the Latin word limen denotes an edge or threshold.)

*paries, gen. parietis/ wall, relating to parietal bone
interpariental/ between walls; between the pariental bones; between the parietal lobes of the cerebrum
visceroparietal/ relating to the viscera and the abdominal wall
parietovisceral/ pertaining to the wall of a cavity and to the contained viscera
parietosquamosal/ pertaining to the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone
(Note that the Latin word paries is used to denote the enveloping wall of any structure, especially that of hollow organs.)
COMPARE WITH: MUR-, PHRAG- or PHRAGM-, SEP- or SEPT-

*saeptum or septum/ partition, wall
septate/ having a dividing wall
septotome/ an instrument for cutting or removing a section of the nassal septum
septectomy/ excision of a septum, especially the nasal septum or a part of it
septoplasty/ surgical reconstruction of the nasal septum
dissepiment/ a partition or separation
(Note that the Latin word septum is used to denote a membranous wall dividing two cavities, as in atrial septum.)
COMPARE WITH: MUR-, PARIET-, PHRAG- or PHRAGM-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: SEP-, SEPT-, or SEPTIC-, SEPT-, SEPTEM-, or SEPTIM-

*murus/ wall
intramural/ within the walls of a hollow organ or cavity
extramural/ outside the walls of an organ or cavity
mural/ pretaining to or resembling a wall
muramic acid/ an amino sugar that is found sepecially in bacteria cell walls
COMPARE WITH: PARIET-, SEP- or SEPT-, PHRAG- or PHRAGM-

*sinus, curve, fold, hollow/ curve, canal, cavity
sinoatrial/ pertaining to the sinus venosus and the atrium
sinuous/ winding, wavy, tortuous
sinusold/ resembling a sinus; a minute blood vessel found in such organs as the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and bone marrow
sinuotomy/ surgical incision into a sinus
(Note that the Latin word sinus is used to denote a canal or passage leading to an abscess, a cavity within a bone, dilated channel for venuous blood, and any cavity having a realtively narrow opening.)
COMPARE WITH: ANTR-

*cavo, part. Cavitus, to hollow; caverna, a hollow place/ hollow, concave
cavernous/ containing hollow areas, as a cavernous angioma, a vascular tumor with large spaces
cavernosum or corpus cavernosum/ erectile columns or back of clitoris or penis
cavitation/ process of forming a cavity
cavitis/ inflammation of a vena cava

*antrum, cave/ cavity, chamber
antrocele/ fluid accumulation in the maxillar sinus
antrophore/ a medicated bougie for treatment of any accessible cavity or canal
antrostomy/ surgery to open an antrum for drainage
antrotympanic/ pertaining to the mastoid antrum and the tympanic cavity
COMPARE WITH: SIN-, SINU- or SINUS-

*camera, vault, arched roof; in later Latin a room or chamber/ room, chamber, cavity
camera/ in anatomy, any cavity or chamber
unicameral/ having only one chamber or cavity
bicameral/ having two chambers or cavities
cameration/ division into several cavitied or chambers

*alveolus/ a small hollow or cavity
alveolar/ pertaining to an alveolus
alveobronchitis or alveobronchiolitis/ a bronchipneumonia, inflammation of the pulmonary alveoli and bronchioles
alveoclasia/ absorption of any part of one of the four processes which make up each maxillary bone
alveolate/ honeycombed, pitted

*lacuna, a hollow/ gap; small cavity
lacuna, pl.lacunae/ a gap in bone or cartilage; a gap between cells; a sinus
lacunula/ small or minute lacuna
lacunose/ full of or having lacunae
lacunar/ pertaining to lacunae

*capsula, small box/ capsule
capsulitis/ inflammation of a capsule
capsuloplasty/ plastic surgery of a capsule, generally of a joint
capsulorrhaphy/ suture of a capsule of a joint
capsulotome/ instrument for incision into the capsule of the crystalline lens

*fovea/ small pit
foveate/ pitted, having small depressions
foveation/ pitting, e.g., as result of small pox
foveola/ a very small pit or depression
foveiform/ in the shape of a fovea
(Note that the original Latin noun fovea is used for a pit or cuplike depression.)
COMPARE WITH: FOSS-

*favus/ honeycomb
faveolate/ honeycombed
favus/ contagious skin disease characterized by pinhead to peashaped round yellow crust caused by invasion of hair shafts and epidermis by a fungus
faveolus/ small pit or depression usually on skin
faviform/ shaped like a honeycomb
COMPARE WITH: ALVEOL-

*mons, gen. montis, mountain/ ridge or protuberance
monticulus/ a protuberance
verumontanum/ an elevation on the floor of the prostatic portion of the urethra where the seminal ducts enter
verumontanitis/ inflammation or the verumontanum
(Note that the Latin word mons is used to denote an anatomical eminence above the body surface, as in mons veneris, or mons pubis/ public eminence.)

*pallium/ mantle, covering
neopallium/ the neocortex, that portion of the cerebral hemisphere not belonging to the rhinencephalon or corpus striatum
palliate/ to ease or reduce in violence to allay temporarily, as pain, without curing
pallium/ the cerebral cortex with its adjacent white substance

*velum/ a covering or veil-like structure
velamen/ a covering membrane
velamentous/ expanding like a veil or sheet
velar/ pertaining to a veil or veil-like structure
velosynthesis/ suture of a cleft palate, particularly the soft palate
(Note that the Latin word velum is used to denote any veil-like structure.)

*pilleus, pileus, or pilleum, cap/ a cap-like structure
pileus/ a hemisphere of the cerebellum; membrane which sometimes covers the head of a bird (also pileum)
pilleus or pilleum/ membrane sometimes covering a child's head at birth
pilleus ventriculi/ the first portion of the duodenum or pyloric cap

*ostium, door or opening/ opening
ostial/ concerning an orifice
ostiary/ pertaining to an orifie
ostomate/ one who has an artifical opening into the gastrointestinal canal
ostiole/ a small body orifice
ostiate/ having an ostium
COMPARE WITH: OS- or OR-, STOM-

*fenestra/ opening ( for light, originally), window
fenestrated/ having openings
fenestration/ condition of having an opening; surgical procedure to create an artifical opening into the labyrinth of the ear
craniofenestria/ congenital defect of thickness of skull
(Note that the original Latin noun, fenestra, is used for an aperture frequently closed by a membrane (e.g., fenestra cochleae) or for any open area, as the blade of a forceps.)

*foro/ bore
foramen/ a passage, opening, or orifice as between two cavities of an organ or a hole in a bone for passage of vessels or nerves
perorate/ puncture or make holes (verb); pierced with holes (adjective); antonym, imperforate
transforation/ perforation of the fetal skull at the base in craniotomy
transforator/ instrument for perforating fetal skull

*falx, gen. falcis/ sickle
falciform/ sickle-shaped
falcial/ pertaining to the falx
falcula/ the falx cerebelli
falx/ any sickle-shaped structure, but note especially falx cerebelli ( a fold of the dura mater dividing hemispheres of the cerebellum), a falx inguinalis (conjoint tendon forming the origin of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles), and falx ligamentosa (broad ligament of the liver)
COMPARE WITH: DREPAN-, LUN- or LUNA-, MEN-

*ensis/ sword
ensiform/ swordlike in shape; ensated; xiphoid
ensisternum/ the tip of the sternum, ensiform or xiphoid appendix
ensomphalus/ twins joined in lower sternal and epigastric areas, xiphopagus
ensated/ ensiform; xiphoid
COMPARE WITH: XIPH-

*calx, gen. calcis, heel; calcaneum or calcaneus heel; calcar, spur, from calx/ heel, spur
calcarate/ having a process resembling a spur
calcarine/ shaped like a spur (adjective); a spur-like fissure on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere extending to the hypocampal gyrus (noun)
calcaneal/ pertaiing to the heel bone
calcaneus/ heel bone
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: CALC-

*incus, gen. incudis/ anvil
incudectomy/ surgical removal of the incus
incudiform/ shaped like an anvil
incudomalleal/ pertaining to incus and malleus (articulation of hammer and anvil in the tympanum)
incudostapedial/ pertaining to incus and stapes articulation between anvil and stirrup in the tympanum. The original Latin noun incus is used for the middle of the three ossicles in the tympanum.

*malleus/ hammer
malleolus/ protuberance on both sides of the ankle joint
malleoincudal/ pertaining to the malleus and incus
malleation/ spasmodic striking action of the hands
malleolar/ concerning the malleolus
(Note that the Latin word malleus is used to denote the largest of the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear or the disease glanders.)

*scutum, shield/ shield-shaped structures
scute/ a thin plate or scale; term once applied to the tegmen tympani
secutulum/ any of the thin crusts of the favus; the shoulder blade or scapula
sctelleum/ a small plate or squamous structure
(Note that the Latin word scutum is used to denote the plate of a bone resembling a shield.)

*flagellum/ whip
flagellation/ whipping to stimulate the libido; also practiced by certain religious groups (e.g., Los Hermanos Penitenes of New Mexico) as symbol of atonement
flagellant/ one who indulges in flagellation; also as adjective, pertaining to stroking in massage
flagellate/ as adjective, with lung cilia for propulsion (e.g., a flagellant cell); as noun, a protozoon with one or more flagella
hemoflagellate/ any flagellate protozoon parasite or the blood
(Note that the original Latin noun, flagellum, is used for any hairlike motile process on the extremity of a bacterium or protozoon.)

*clava/ club
clavate/ club-shaped
subclavate/ somewhat club-shaped
obclavate/ thickened at one end and attached at that point to another part
clavellate/ in the shape of a small club
DIFFERENTIATE FROM: CLAV(I)-

*squama, scale/ scale or a thin plate of bone
squamous/ scale-like
squamosa/ the squamous part of the temporal bone
squamoparietal/ relating to the squamous and parietal bones
desquamation/ shedding of the epidermis
(Note that the Latin word squama is used to denote a thin plate of bone or a scale from the epidermis.)
COMPARE WITH: LEPID-

*lamina; dimin. lamella/ a thin plate or layer
lamina/ a thin, flat layer or membrane; the fattened part of either side of the arch of a vertebra
lamella/ a thin plate or scale; a medicated disk of gelatin inserted under lower eyelid against the eyeball as a local application to eye
laminectonmy/ excision of vertebral posteriol arch
lamination/ layerlike arrangement; in embryotomy, the slicing of the skull

*stratum/ layer
stratiform/ arranged in layers
substrate/ an underlying layer or foundation; a base, as of a pigment; the substance acted upon, as by an enzyme
bistratal/ having two strata or layers
stratigraphy/ sectional radiography
(Note that the Latin word stratum is used to denote any type of layer.)

*crena/ notch
crenate/ scalloped or notched, as crenated blood vessels (in knobbed and shrunken form, as when mixed with salt solution)
crenation or crenature/ a crenate or indented formation
crenulate/ minutely crenate
crenocyte/ red blood cell with notched, serrated edges

*serra, saw/ toothed like a saw
serration/ formation with sharp projections like the teeth of a saw; notch resembling one between the teeth of a saw
serrate/ possessing a saw-like edge; possessing a toothed margin
serratus/ a muscle arising or inserted by a series of processes similar to the teeth of a saw

*vitrum/ glass
vitreous/ glassy; pertaining to the vitreous body; the vitreous body, a transparent jelly-like mass that fills the cavity of the eyeball
vitrescence/ becoming hard and transparent like glass
vitreocapsulitis/ inflammation of the vitreous humor
vitropression/ method of temporarily eliminating redness of the skin caused by hypermia by pressure with a glass slide one the skin in order to study lesions or discolorations
COMPARE WITH: HYAL-

*pulvis, gen. pulveris/ powder
pulverization/ the crushing of any substance to powder or tiny particles
pulverulent/ of the nature of or resembling powder
pulviplume/ a powder-down feather
pulveraceous/ pulverulent
pulverate/ to pulverize or crush into powder

*crux, gen. crucis/ cross
excruciate/ inflict great pain, torture
cruciform/ shaped like a cross, cruciate
crucial/ cross-shaped; decisive
Cruciferae/ a large family of annuals, perennials and ferns bearing cruciform flowers

*cuneus/ wedge
cuneate or cuneiform/ wedge-shaped
cuneocuboid/ pertaining to cuboid and cuneiform bones
cuneohysterectomy/ excision of a wedge of tissue from the posterior surface of he cervix uteri to correct abnormal anteflection
precuneus or praecuneus/ division of the mesial surface of a cerebral hemisphere between the cuneus and the paracentral lobule
COMPAE WITH :SPHEN

*clivus/ declivity, slope
postclival/ behind the cerebellar clivus
preclival/ in front of the cerebellar clivus
proclivity/ a natural or habitual inclination
declive/ a lower or descending part; the first portion of the vermis of the cerebellum just behind the primary fissure
(The original Latin noun, clivus, is used for a sloping surface, as the sphenoid bone.)

*arcus/ bow, arch, anything curved like a bow or arch
arciform/ shaped like a bow or arch, also arcuate
arculus/ support, in the form of an arch for bedclothes, to protect an affected part
arcatura/ a condition in horses characterized by excessive outward curvature of the forelegs
arc/ path followed by nerve impulse in a reflex action
arch/ any structure or structures of a curved or bowlike outline e.g. aortic arch, dental arch

*fornix, gen. fornicis/ arch
fornical/ pertaining to or resembling a fornix
fornicate/ to indulge in sexual intercourse, usually applied to such acts without benefit or sacrament
fornicommissure/ the commissure or body of the fornix uteri
fornix uteri/ spaces into which upper vagina is divided; also fornix vaginae

*axis/ wheel, axis
axifugal/ receding from the axis, centrifugal
axilla/ armpit, a diminutive form
axipetal/ directed toward the axis
axon/ process of a neuron which conducts impusles away from the cell body;

*ansa/ handle, loop
ansa/ general term for a loop, as in certain nerves
ansa capitis/ the xygomatic arch; capitis is genitive of caput, head
ansa peduncularis/ fibers passing from the thalamus through the thalamic radiation
ansiform/ in the shape of a loop

*The original Latin noun, annulus, a diminutive form of anus, less frequently spelled anulus, is used for a ring-like structure or formation/ a ring
annulose/ having or characterized by rings
annular/ circular, in the form of a ring, as the annular ligament surround the waist or ankle
annulate/ furnished with, or composed of rings; annular
annularity/ annular state or form

*uncus; uncinus/ hook
unciform/ hook-shaped
uncinate/ hooked; hook-shaped
uncinariasis/ hookworm disease
aduncate/ hook-shaped, bent

*acus, needle; acutus, sharpened, pointer/ needle, pin; sharp
acupressure/ pressure of blood vessels by means of needles in surrounding tissues
acupuncture/ puncture with needles for therapeutic purposes
acusection/ section by an electrosurgical needle
acufilopressure/ acupressure increased by a ligature
COMPARE WITH - OXY

*pungo, part. Punctus/ prick, point
pungency/ quality of being sharp, strong, point
puncuate/ having pinpoint punctures or depressions on the surface; marked with dots
punctiform/ formed like a point, in bacteriology, referring to pinpoint colonies of less than 1 mm in diameter
punctograph/ device employing radiography for localization of foreign bodies in the tissues
(Note that the Latin word punctum is used to denote a point.)

*cuspis, gen. cuspidis/ point
bicuspid/ having two cusps, e.g. teeth or the mitral valve of the heart
multicuspid/ having several cusps, e.g., molar teeth
cuspidate/ having cusps
cuspid/ the four teeth with conic crowns (canine)

*fossa/ trench, ditch
fossette/ a small depression or fossa; a small but deep corneal ulcer
fossula/ a small depression or fossa
fossa lacrimalis/ hollow of frontal bone containing lacrimal gland; cf. also fossa navicularis (vestibuli vaginae), a fossa between the vagina and the fourchette (French diminutive, little fork), and other phrases containing fossa
(Note that the original Latin noun, fossa, is used for a pit, depression, or socket
COMPARE WITH : FOVE

*rima/ crack, fissure, slit
rimose/ fissured or marked by cracks
rimous/ filled with cracks or fissures
rimula/ a minute fissure or slit, especially of the spinal cord or brain
rimal/ pertaining to a rima
(Note that the Latin word rima is used to denote a slit, fissure or crack, as in rima cornealis.)

*linea/ line
patrilineal/ tracing descent through the father
brevilineal/ shorter and broader than usual, with reference to body type
collinear/ in optics, lying on or passing through the same straight line
linear/ pertaining to or resembling a line
(Note that the Latin word linea is used to denote an anatomical line, as in linea sternalis.)

*ruga/ wrinkle or fold
rugose/ wrinkled and rough in short, irregular folds
rugosity/ condition of being folded or wrinkled; a ridge or wrinkle
corrugator/ a muscle which lies above the orbit and draws the brow medially and inferiorly
rugous/ rugose
(Note that the Latin word ruga is used to denote a fild or crease, as in rugae vaginales.)
COMPARE WITH : PLIC

*plica/ fold
plicate/ braided or folded
plication/ stitching folds in an organ's walls to reduce its size
plicotomy/ section of the posterior fold of the tympanic membrane
duplicitas/ fetal abnormality in which the cephalic and/or the pelvic end is doubled
(Note that the Latin word plica is used to denote a fold.)
COMPARE WITH: RUG

*strio, to furrow or groove/ stripe, groove
striate/ striped, marks by streaks or grooves
striation/ state of being striped; one of a series of streaks
striatum/ the corpus striatum, a structure in the brain consisting of two basal ganglia and the fibers of the internal capsule which separate them
striatopallidal/ pertaining to the part of the corpus striatum formed by the globus pallidus and its connections
(Note that the Lain word stria is used to denote a line or band either elevated above or depressed below surrounding tissue or else differing in color and in texture.)
COMPARE WITH: SULC

*sulcus/ furrow
sulcate/ furrowed or grooved
sulciform/ having the form of a groove or sulcus
sulculus/ a small groove or sulcus
sulcal/ relating to a sulcus
(Note that the Latin word sulcus is used to denote any furrow, groove, slight depression, or fissure, especially of the brain.)
COMPARE WITH: STRI

*insula/ island
insulation/ protection of a body from heat, sound, electricity, etc., by envelopment with a non-conducting material or substance
insulin/ hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
insular/ pertaining to any insula, especially the central lobe (island of Reil) of the cerebral hemisphere
insulinemia/ excessive insulin in the blood

*sol/ sun
solar/ pertaining to the sun or its rays
solarium/ a room designed for treatment with sun rays or for the application of artificial light
insolation/ any exposure to the rays of the sun, heatstroke or sunstroke
solarization/ the application of solar or ultraviolet light for therapeutic purposes
COMPARE WITH: HELI

*lux, gen. lucis/ light, to shine
lucotherapy/ therapeutic use of light rays
translucent/ not transparent but permitting passage of light
radiolucency/ property of being partly or wholly permeable to radiant energy
lucent/ glowing with light, luminous
COMPARE WITH: PHOTO, LUMIN

*lumen, gen. luminis/ light
luminal/ relating the lumen of a tubular structure
illumination/ the lighting up of a part for examination or of an object under a microscope; the amount of light thrown on anything
transillumination/ inspection of a cavity or organ by passing a light through its walls
illuminism/ condition in certain psychotic states in which the patient has delusions of talking or communicating with super-natural or exalted beings
(Note that the Latin word lumen is used to denote the space within an artery, intestine, vein or tube and a unit of light.)
COMPARE WITH: LUC

*radius, spoke, ray/ ray, radiant energy, or radioactive substance
radial/ radiating out frm a given center; pertaining to the radius
radionecrosis/ disintegration of tissue by exposure to radiant energy
radiopelvimetry/ measurement of the pelvis by the x-ray
radiumology/ science of radium therapy
(Note that the Latin word radius is used to denote either the outer, shorter bone of the arm revolving partially about the ulna or a line extending form a circle's central point to its circumference.)
COMPARE WITH: ACTIN

*stella/ star
stellate/ star-shaped; arranged with parts radiating from a center
stellectomy/ a stellate ganglionectomy
stellula/ a small star or star-shaped figure
(Note that the Latin word stella can refer to a star or star-shaped figure)
COMPARE WITH: ASTR  or ASTER

*luna/ moon
lunate/ a bone in the proximal row of the carpus
semilunar/ being shaped like a half-moon
lunatic/ term applied to an insane person which was one considered to be influenced by the moon
lunula/ the semilunar  white arch or area near the root of the nail; one of the twonarrwow portions on the free edges of the semilunar valves of the heart
COMPARE WITH: MEN, FALC, DREPAN

*funis/ rope, cord
funiculus/ any small cord-like structure; a division of the white matter of the spinal cord consisting of fasculi or fiber tracts; old term for umbilical cord or spermatic cord
funiculopexy/ suturing of the spermatic cord to the tissues in cases of undescended testicles
funiform/ in the shape of a Cordially,
(Note that the original Latin noun, funis, is used for any cordlike structure and specifically for the umbilical Cord)

*filum/ thread
filament/ axial filament; a fine filament forming the central axis of the tail of a spermatozoan
filarial/ a long filiform nematode parasitical in vertebrates
filariasis/ chronic disease resulting from infestation of filariae
filaricidal/ that which destroys filariae
COMPARE WITH : FIBR, MIT, NEM - or NEMAT

*fibra/ fiber, filament
fibralbumin/ globulin
fibremia/ formation of fibrin in blood, causing thrombosis or embolism
fibrilla/ a small fiber
fibrinopurulent/ referring to or consisting of pus and fibrin
COMPARE WITH: FIL, NEM or NEMAT

7. Location, Position, Area

*area/ open space, ground area
areola/ a small interstice or cavity in a tissue; macula or circular coloration as that around a nipple
areolar/ pertaining to the areola
areolitis/ inflammation of mammary areola
areosis/ dilution; less compact
areolet/ a small areola

*zona, girdle/ a zone or area; a band
zonifugal/ passing outward from within any zone or area
xonesthesia/ a sensation as of a cord constricting the body
zonule/ a small band or area
zonulitis/ inflammation of Zinn's zonule, the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens

*locus/ place
locus/ a spot or place; in genetics the position of a gene on a chromosome
localization/ limitation to a definite area; determination of the seat of an infection; relation of a sensation to its point of origin
loculus/ a cell; a small cavity
apicolocator/ instrument for locating the apex of a tooth root
unilocular/ having but one cavity
COMPARE WITH: TOP

*proximus/ nearest, next
proximal/ nearest the point of attachement or center of the body or point of reference
interproximal/ between two adjoining surfaces
proximoataxia/ lack of coordination in muscles of the proximal area of extremity

*pronus/ inclined forward or face downward
pronation/ act of lying prone or face downward; act of turning hand so that palm faces downward or backward
pronator/ a muscle which pronates
pronograe/ walking on hands and feet or resting with the body in a horizontal position
pronometer/ device for showing amount of pronation or supination of forearm

*medius/ middle
mediotarsal/ relating to the middle of the tarsus
mediastinum/ a septum or cavity between two principle portions of an organ; the interpleural space
hematomediastinum/ blood effusion into the mediastinum
mediopontine/ relating to the center of the pons Varolii
(Note that the Latin word medium is used to denote an agent through which an effect is obtained, a substance for the cultivation of microorganisms, or substance through which impulses are transmitted. Media means either the middle or the muscular coat of an artery or the plural of medium.)
COMPARE WITH : MES

*dexter/ to the right, on the right side
ambidextrous/ referring to a person able to use both hands equally well
dextrocular/ having better vision in right eye than in left
dextrogastrate/ having the stomach on the right side
dextropedal/ able to use the right leg better than the left one

*laevus/ left
ambilevous/ awkward in use of either hand
levorotation/ twisting or turning to the left
levophobia/ morbid dread of objects on the left side of the body
levoduction/ movement or drawing toward the left, esp. of an eye
COMPARE WITH: SINISTER
DEFFERENTIATE FROM; LEV

*sinister, gen. sinistri/ left, on the left; awkward
sinistrogyration/ inclination to the left
sinistraural/ having better hearing with the left ear
sinistrous/ awkward, clumsy, unskilled
sinistrocular/ having stronger vision in the left eye
COMPARE WITH : LEV

*apex, gen. apicis/ the extreme end of a thing, summit, tip
apexigraph/ or apexograph, an instrument for determining the apex and size of the root of a tooth
apicoectomy/ eradication of the apex of the root of a tooth; also apicotomy
apicolysis/ artificial collapse of the apex of a lung
periapical/ around an apex
COMPARE WITH : ARC

8. Disease, Injury, Illness

*morbus/ disease
morbid/ diseased, pertaining to disease
morbific/ causing or producing disease
morbilli/ measles
morbilliform/ like measles or its rash
(Note that the Latin word morbus is used to denote a disease)

*noceo, to harm; nocuus, hurtful; noxa, injury, related to noceo/ harm, injury
nocuous/ noxious, injurious, harmful
innocent/ benign, not malignant, harmless or innocuous
nociperception/ the perception by nerve centers of injurious influences or painful stimuli
nociceptive/ pertaining to stimuli (of pain) to the brain

*bacillus, dim. of baculum, staff/ rod
bacillemia/ presence of bacilli in the blood
bacilliparous/ bacillogenic, bacillogenous, producing bacilli
bacillophobia/ morbid fear of bacilli
bacilluria/ bacilli in the urine
COMPARE WITH : BACTER

*pus, gen. puris, corrupt matter/ pus
puriform/ resembling pus
purulence/ state of containing pus
mucopurulent/ consisting of mucus and pus
suppuration/ the process of pus formation; the discharge produced by suppuration
COMPARE WITH : PY

*tussis/ cough
pertussis/ an acute infectious disease commonly known as whooping cough
tussine/ relating to a cough
tussicula/ a slight cough
tussal/ pertaining to a cough
(Note that the Latin word tussis is used to denote a cough)

*bulla/ any object swelling upward and becoming round, hence a bubble or blister
bulla/ blister, bleb
bullate/ describing convex prominences resembling blisters
bullatin/ division into small compartments, inflation
ebullition/ effervescence or boiling

*tumeo/ to swell
tumefacient/ producing or tending to produce swelling, swollen
detumescence/ subsidence of a swelling; subsidence of erectile tissue of the genital organs following erection
intumesce/ to enlarge or swell
tumid/ swollen
COMPARE WITH : TUBER  or ONCUS

*tuber/ a swelling
tubercle/ a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone; a small nodule; the characteristic lesion resulting from infection by tubercle bacilli
tuberculate/ covered with nodules
tuberculigenous/ causing or predisposing to tuberculosis
tuberculophobia/ an abnormal fear of becoming infected with tuberculosis
COMPARE WITH : TUM or TUME

*febris/ fever
febricide/ destructive to a fever
febrifuge/ something which decreases a fever, an antipyretic
febrile/ pertaining to a fever
febriphobia/ abnormal fear or anxiety caused by a rise in body temperature
(COMPARE WITH : PYR, PYRET or PYREX)

*rumpo, part. ruptus/ to break or burst
erumpent/ bursting forth
abruptio/ a tearing away from
eruption/ a breaking out and becoming visible, especially of a skin rash or lesion, the appearance of lesions on the skin or mucous membrane

9. Number and Amount

*pars, gen. parties/ part
particle/ a tiny mass of material
particulate/ composed of separate particles
multipartite/ divided into several or many parts
partigen/ a partial antigen, used to denote a constituent of a natural antigen
COMPARE WITH : MER-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : PAR- or PART-

*dimidus, halved; through French demi/ half
demilune/ crescent-shaped group of serous cells froming a cap-like structure over a mucous alveolus
demibain/ half a bath, a sitz bath
demisang/ issue of full-blooded parents of different races
demitone/ the tone at a half step; semitone
COMPARE WITH : SEMI-
 
*semis, half/ half; partial, lessened in degree
semicanal/ a duct open on one side
semicoma/ mild degree of coma from which the patient may be aroused
semirecumbenbt/ reclining but not fully recumbent
semipermeable/ half permeable; said of a membrane which will allow fluids, but not the dissolved substance to pass through it
(Note that the Latin word semis is used to denote half.)
COMPARE WITH : HEMI-, DEMI-

*primus/ first
primary/ first in time or order; principal
primordium/ in embryology, the first beginnings of a future organ or part
primigravida/ a woman during her first pregnancy
primitiae/ liquor amnii appearing before the fetus at birth
COMPARE WITH : PROT-

*unus/ one
uniarticular/ pertaining to a single point
unigravida/ a woman who is pregnant for the first time
unicellular/ having only one cell
unilateral/ affecting or occurring on only one side
COMPARE WITH : PRIM-, MON-

*sesqui, one half more/ one and a half
sesquihora/ every hour and a half
sesquioxide/ a compound of three parts oxygen with two of another element
sesquisulfate/ a sulfate having three parts of sulfuric acid united with two of anther element
sesquibasic/ formed by the substitution of two atoms of a base for three of the hydrogen atoms of an acid

*bis, twice, also bini, two, two apiece/ two, twice
binary/ compounded by two elements, separating into two branches
bimaxillary/ pertaining to both jaws
binaural/ pertaining to or having two ears
COMPARE WITH :DU-

*duo/ two
dualism/ condition of being double
duodenum/ (Lat. duodeni, distributive adjective meaning twelve each or apiece from duodecim, twelve [duo + decim]) first part of small intestines
duplication or duplicature/ state of doubling or folding
duplicitas/ fetal abnormality in which cephalic and/or pelvic end is doubled
COMPARE WITH : BI- or BIN-

*secundus/ second; following
secundigravida/ a woman in her second pregnancy
secondary/ net to or following; second in order; produced by primary cause
secundipara/ a woman who has borne two children from separate pregnancies
secundine/ the afterbirth or the placenta and membranes expelled after childbirth
COMPARE WITH : DEUT- or DEUTER-

*tertius; terni; ter/ third; three in a group or three each; three times
ternary/ threefold, triple, third; composed of three elements
tertian/ occurring every third day
terripara/ a woman who has given birth to three children
teroxide/ a compound containing three atoms of exygen to one of another element; trioxide
COMPARE WITH : TRI-

*quadrans, a fourth/ four
quadriceps/ four-headed, as a quadriceps muscle
quadripara/ a woman in her fourth confinement or who has had four children
quadriplegia/ paralysis affecting all four limbs
quadruped/ an animal having four feet
COMPARE WITH : TETR- or TETRA-, QUART-

*quartus/ a fourth
quartan/ occurring every fourth day; figuring inclusively - specifically at 72 hour intervals, malarial fever with a paroxysm every fourth day
quartile/ one of the two middle values of each half of a series of variables
quartipara/ a woman who has borne her fourth child
quartiparous/ having given birth to four children or having been in labor four times
COMPARE WITH : TETR- or TETRA-; QUADR-, QUADRI-, OR QUADRU-

*quintus/ a fifth
quintipara/ a woman in her fifth confinement
quintuplet/ one of five children borne of one mother during the same confinement
quintan/ occurring every fifth day; intermittent fever, the paroxysms occurring fifth day with a three day intermission
quintisternal/ pertaining to the fifth long portion of the sternum
COMPARE WITH : QUINQUE-, PENT- or PENTA-

*quinque/ five
quinquedigitate/ pentadactyl, having five digits
quinquevalent/ having a combing power equal to five atoms of hydrogen
quinquetubercular/ having five tubercles or cusps, as certain molar teeth
quinquecuspid/ having five cusps; a tooth with five cusps
COMPARE WITH : QUINT-, PENT- OR PENTA-

*sex; sextus/ six; sixth
sextan/ occurring every sixth day
sexdigital/ having six fingers or toes
sextipara/ a woman who has borne six children at different pregnancies
sextuplet/ one of six children born of single gestation
COMPARE WITH : HEX- or HEXA-

*septem, seven; septimus, seventh/ seven, seventh
septimal/ pertaining to or characterized by seven
septigravida/ a woman pregnant for the seventh time
septan/ recurring every seventh day
septempartite/ in botany, divided nearly to the base into seven parts
COMPARE WITH : HEPT or HEPTA
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : SEP-, SEPT-, or SEPTIC-, SEP- or SEPT-

*novem, nine; derivative nonus, ninth/ nine, ninth
nonipara/ a woman who has given birth nine times
nonan/ having increased symptoms or reappearing every ninth day
novemfid/ split into nine segments
novemdigitate/ having nine digits
COMPAE WITH : ENNEA-

*decem; decimus/ ten; one-tenth and ten times
decinormal/ having one-tenth of the normal strength; contrast decanormal
decimeter/ one-tenth of a meter
decipara/ female who has borne ten infants in separate labors
decemdentate/ having ten teeth or tooth-like processes
decangular/ having ten angles
COMPARE WITH : DECA-

*centum/ a hundred
centigrade/ having 100 degrees
centigram/ a hundredth part of a gram
centiliter/ a hundredth part of a liter
centimeter/ a hundredth part of a meter
COMPARE WITH : HECT-

*mille, thousand/ thosand; thousandth
milligram/ one-thousandth of a gram
millenary/ (from related millenarius, pert. to 1000; 60) pertaining to a group of 1000 units or items
millimicron/ one-thousandth of micron; one-millionth of a millimeter
millipede/ a myriopod of the class Diplopoda having numerous legs
COMPARE WITH : KILO-

*multus/ many
multicapsular/ composed of many capsules
multimammae/ condition of having more than the normal number of breasts
multigravida/ a woman who has been pregnant two or more times
multiform/ having many forms or shapes
COMPARE WITH : POLY-, PLUR-

*plus, gen. pluris/ more, many
pluridyscrinia/ disorder of several endocrine organs at the same time
plurigravida/ a gravid woman who has had two or more pregnancies
plurilocular/ composed of several compartments or cavities
pluriparity/ condition of having borne three or more children
COMPARE WITH : MULT-, POLY-


10. Qualities
*potestas/ power
potency/ strength,force or power
Potentiation/ the synergistic action of two substances
Totipotent/ a cell capable of differentiating into a large variety of cells, as the fertilized ovum
Impotence/ weakness, especially inability of the male to copulate

*valeo/ to be strong, well, or in good health
valence or valency/ property of an element or radical combining with or replacing other elements or radicals in definite proportion; degree of the combining power or replacing power of an element or radical
hexavalent/ having a valence of 6
invalid/ not well, weak; a sickly person
bivalent/ having a valence of 2; in biology, double as a chromosome consisting of two jointed chromosomes; a bivalent chromosome
COMPARE WITH : DYN- or DYNAM-

*pendo, part. pensus/ to hang down, weigh, pay out
pendulous/ hanging, swinging freely like a pendulum
compensation/ making up for a defect
dispensary/ a physician's office; office of a hospital apothecary; an out-patient department of a hospital; a public institution where the sick poor receive gratuitous treatment
suspensoid/ a suspension colloid

*levis/ light(with respect to weight)
alleviation/ a lessening of pain or symptoms
levator/ a muscle that raises a part; an instrument which lifts depressed portions
elevator/ curved retractor for holding lid away from globe of the eye; one for raising depressed bones by levers or screws
levitation/ sensation occurring in dreams and certain mental disorders of rising in the air or moving through the air unsupported
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : LEV-

*gravis/ heavy
gravid/ heavy with child; enceinte
gravidocardiac/ pertaining to cardiac disorders caused by pregnancy
ingravescent/ becoming more severe or increasing in weight
multigravida/ a woman who has been pregnant two or more times; often written as Gravida II, III etc.
COMPARE WITH : BAR- or BARY-

*magnus/ great, large
magnification/ process of increasing apparent size of an object, especially under a microscope
magnifier/ a lens or combination of lenses that makes something appear larger
magnitude/ size or spatial quality; quantity; volume of sound or loudness
magnus/ Latin adjective used to mean large, as in foramen magnum
COMPARE WITH : MAGN-, MEGA- or MEGAL-, LONG-, DOLICH-

*longus/ long
longimanous/ having a long hand
longipedate/ long-footed
longevity/ length of life; unusually long length of live
elongate/ stretched out; long in proportion to width
(Note that the Latin adjective longus is used to describe any long structure, as in peroneus longus)
COMPARE WITH : DOLICH-, MACR-
CONTRAST WITH : BRACHY-

*latus/ broad, wide
dilation/ expansion of an orifice with a dilator; expansion of an organ, orifice or vessel
dilatant/ anything that causes dilation
latipennate/ broad-winged
latirostral/ having a broad beak
(Note that the Latin adjective, especially its superlative latissimus can be used to describe any broad structure, as in latissimus dorsi)
COMPARE WITH : EURY(S)-, PLATY-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : LAT-, LATER-

*planus/ flat; a plane
planigram/ an x-ray photograph of a layer or section of the body
applanation/ abnormal flattening, as of the corneal surface
planoconcave/ flat on one side and concave on the other
planimeter/ device used to measue the area of the plane figure
(Note that the Latin word planum is used to denote a flat or relatively smooth surface, as in planum sternale.)
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : PLAN-

*brevis/ short, little, small, narrow
brevilineal/ describing a short and broad body, shape, brachymorphic
breviped/ having short legs
brevilingual/ having a short tongue
brevicipitid/ frog or toad of the family Brevicipitidae
brevicollis/ shortness of the neck
COMPARE WITH : BRACHY-
 
*durus/ hard
dura mater/ outer membrane covering spinal cord; literally "hard mother"; often simply dura
duramatral/ pertaining to the dura mater
duritis/ inflammation of the dura mater
-duric/ adjectival ending meaning to tolerate (e.g., thermoduric, able to exist in heat; aciduric, able to exist or thrive in an aid medium, as certain microorganisms)
COMPARE WITH : SCLER-

*mollis/ soft
emollient/ an agent which will soften and soothe the part when applied locally
mollities (from related mollities, softness)/ abnormal softening of a part
molluscum (from related molluscus, soft)/ a mildly infective skin disease characterized by soft, rounded tumor formations on the skin
mollin/ a glycerinated soft soap used as a vehicle for medicines applied externally
(Note that the Latin adjective mollis is used to mean soft.)  
COMPARE WITH : MALAC-
 
*bio, part.biatus/ stand open
dehiscence/ bursting open, as a wound or a graafian follicle
hiatal/ pertaining to hiatus
dehiscent (from related bisco, to gape;)/ opening or splitting wide, especially of fungous fruiting bodies
indehiscent/ not opening or splitting wide
The Latin noun hiatus is used for opening or gap.

*pateo/ to be open
patency/ state of being freely open
patent/ wide open; evident; accessible
prepatent/ before becoming evident or manifest

*par/ equal
parity/ equality, similarity
disparate/ not equal, identical, or corresponding
parfocal (focus, hearth)/ relating to microscopical oculars and objectives that are designed and positioned such that an image remains the same when changing from one to the other
imparidigitate/ having an uneven number of fingers or toes
COMPARE WITH : IS-
 
*geminus/ born together, twin
geminate/ in pairs
gemination/ production of twins, development of two teeth within a single alveolus
gemellus/ either of two muscles inserted in the obturator internus tendon
quadrigeminal/ fourfold; having four symmetrical parts
COMPARE WITH : DIDYM-

*siccus/ dry
siccative/ drying or that which dries
exsiccation/ the act of drying by heat; desiccation
desiccative/ causing to dry up or that which dries; exsiccative
exsiccant/ absorbing or drying up a discharge; an agent that absorbs moisture; a dusting or drying powder

*liquo/ to be or become liquid
deliquescent/ pertaining to a substance which absorbs water from the air
colliquative/ pertaining to a liquid excessive discharge as in colliquative diarrhea
inquefacient/ agent which produces a conversion into liquid; converting into liquid
liquefaction/ the conversion of a solid into a liquid; conversion of solid tissues to a fluid or semifluid  state

*vacuus/ empty, void, free from
vacuole/ a clear space in cell protoplasm filled with fluid or air
vacuome/ the internal reticular apparatus
vacuum/ a space exhausted of its air content
vacuolation/ formation of vacuoles

*nudus/ naked
denudation/ removal of a protecting layer or covering
nudism/ in psychiatry, a morbid desire to remove clothing; practice of living in a nude condition
nudomania/ abnormal desire to be nude
nudophobia/ abnormal fear of being nude
COMPARE WITH : GYMN-

*glaber/ smooth
glabrate or glabrous/ smooth, bald
glabrificin/ a kind of antibody which exposes a capsulated bacterium to the action of lysine
glabella/ the smooth surface of the frontal bone lying between the superciliary arches
glabrescent/ tending to become glabrous

*rigor/ stiffness
rigid/ hard, stiff, unyielding, tense
rigidity/ tenseness, immovability, stiffness, inability to bend or be bent, in psychiatry, excessive resistance to change
rigiditas/ stiffness, rigidity
rigorous/ stern, exacting, strict, severe
(Note that the Latin word rigor denotes rigidity or a chill, as in rigor mortis)

*malus, bad/ ill, bad, poor, abnormal
malformation/ deformity; abnormal shape or structure
malocclusion/ imperfect occlusion of the teeth
malposition/ faculty or abnormal postion or placement
malpractice/ wrong or injurious treatment
COMPARE WITH : CAC-

*varius/ diversified, spotted, changing
variola/ smallpox
variolate/ to vaccinate with smallpox virus; having lesions like those of smallpox
varicella (New Latin irregular diminutive of variola)/ chickenpox
variety/ a subdivision of a species
COMPARE WITH : POIKIL-

11. Colors

*argentum/ silver
argentaffin (finis, border affinis, bordering on)/ taking a silver stain, argentophile
argenteal/ pertaining to layer of eye which contains calcic crystals
argentous/ of or containing silver in higher proportion than in argenic compounds
argenteous/ resembling silver
COMPARE WITH : ARGYR-
 
*albus/ white
albumen/ white of an egg; albumin, one of a group of simple proteins (albumin is derived from album(en) + in, through French)
albiduria or albinuria/ passing of white or colorless urine of low specific gravity
albino (through Spanish and Portuguese)/ a person or animal deficient in pigment
albuminiferous/ producing albumin
COMPARE WITH : LEUK- or LEUC-, CAN-

*canus/ white, hoary, gray
canescent/ with a grayish color
canities (canities)/ whiteness or grayness of hair
candida/ a genus of yeast-like fungi
candidiasis/ infection with candida
The last two examples are from a derivative of canus: candidus, dazzling or glittering white, clear bright.
COMPARE WITH : LEUK- or LEUC, ALB-

*rubber, gen. rubri/ red
erubescence/ reddenin g of the skin; a blush
rebefacient/ causing redness; agent which reddens the skin
rubrum/ reddish nucleus of gray matter in the crus cerebri near the optic thalamus
bilirubinuria/ bilirubin, the orangish pigment in bile, present in the urine
COMPARE WITH : ERYTHR-

*flavus/ yellow
flavobacterium/ rod-shaped bacteria belonging to Achromobacteriacea found in water and producing an orange-yellow in cultures
flavism/ having a yellowish tinge in the hair
flavoprotein (first part or place)/ one of a group of conjugated proteins constituting the yellow enzymes essential for cellular respiration
biliflavin/ a yellow pigment derived from biliverdin
COMPARE WITH : XANTH-, LUTE-

*luteus/ yellow
urolutein/ a yellow pigment seen in the urine
corpus luteum/ a yellow cellular mass which forms in position of ruptured graafian follicles in ovary and enlarges during pregnancy
lutein/ a yellow pigment derived from the corpus luteum, egg yolk, and fat cells or lipochromes
luteoma/ an ovarian tumor containing lutein cells
(Note that the Latin adjective luteus is used to denote yellow, as in corpus luteum
COMPARE WITH :  XANTH-, FLAV-

*fuscus/ dark, dusk, dark brown
fuscin/ brown pigment, a melanin, present in the outermost layer of the skin
fuscous/ of any of several colors, generally a brownish gray
obfuscation/ act of making obscure or confusing; mental confusion
fuscopunctate/ having dark-colored dots, as an insect's wing

*niger/ black
nigra/ mass of gray matter between the dorsal and pedal parts of crus cerebri
nigrities/ blackness; black pigmentation
nigrometer/ an instrument for measuring the intensity of black in black pigments
nigrostriatal/ pertaining to the substantia nigra and the corpus striatum
COMPARE WITH : MELAN-

12. Nervous System

*cerebrum/ brain
cerebral/ pertaining to the cerebrum
cerebrifugal/ moving away from the brain, especially relative to effluent nerves
cerebripetal/ moving towards the brain, especially relative to nerves or stimuli
cerebromalacia/ softening of the brain

*nervus, sinew/ nerve
nervomuscular/ relating to nerve supply of muscles
innervate/ to stimulate a part as the nerve supply of an organ
adnerval/ near or toward a nerve
nervosism/ neurasthenia or nervousness; the idea that morbid conditions depend upon alterations of nerve force
(Note that the technical Latin word nervus is used to denote a nerve, as in nervus erigens.)
COMPARE WITH : NEUR-

13. Skeletal-Muscular System

*os, gen. ossis/ bone
deossification/ loss of or the removal of mineral matter from bone or osseous tissue
osseofibrous/ composed of bone and fibrous tissue
ossicle/ any small bone, as one of the three bones of the ear
ossiculotomy/ incision of one or more of the ossicles of the ear
(Note that the Latin word os is used to denote a bone, as in os pubis.)
COMPARE WITH : OST- or OSTE-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : OS- or OR-

*articulus/ joint, knot, knuckle
articulate/ to join together as a joint
articulation/ the connection of bones, a joint
intraarticular/ between the articulating parts of bones, referring to certain fibrocartilages and ligaments
polyarticular/ pertaining to many joints
COMPARE WITH : ARTHR-

*mala/ cheek; cheekbone
malar/ pertaining to the cheekbone
maloplasty/ plastic surgery of the cheek, genyplasty
frontomalar/ pertaining to the frontal and malar bones
(Note that the Latin word mala denotes the cheek or cheekbone)
COMPARE WITH : GENY- or GENI-, BUCC
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : MAL(E)-
 
*clavis, key/ collarbone
clavicle/ collarbone
clavicular/ pertaining to the clavicle
subclavian/ under the clavicle; subclavicular
supraclavicular/ located above the clavicle
COMPARE WITH : CLEID-
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : CLAV-
 
*costa/ rib
costalgia/ pain in the ribs
costoclavicular/ pertaining to the clavicle and ribs
costotome/ surgical knife primarily for cutting through ribs
subcostal/ beneath the ribs
COMPARE WITH : PLEUR-

*coxa/ hip
coxodynia/ pain in hip joint
coxitis/ inflammation or other disease of hip joint
coxofemoral/ pertaining to hip and femur
intercoxal/ between the hip joints

*ilium/ haunch bone, flank
iliocolotomy/ incision into the colon in the iliac or inguinal region
iliofemoral/ pertaining to the ilium and the femur
sacroiliac (sacrum, sacred)/ pertaining to the sacrum and ilium
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : ILE-
 
*patella, dish or platter/ kneecap or kneepan
infrapatellar/ below the kneecap
patellapexy/ fixation of the patella to the lower end of the femur to stabilize the joint
patelliform/ of the shape of the patella
patellofemoral/ concerning the patella and the femur
(Note that the Latin word patella is used to denote the kneecap.)

*fibula, clasp, buckle/ outer bone of leg, clasp
infibulation/ fastening the lips of the vagina together to prevent intercourse or to simulate virginity, or closing the prepuce over the glans penis; joining lips of wounds by clasp
fibular/ pertaining to the fibula
fibulocalcaneal/ pertaining to the fibula and the calcaneus or os calcis
parafibular/ near or around the tibula
(Note that the original Latin word noun, fibula, is used for the calf bone or peroneal bone.)

*fascia/ bundle, band
fasciculus, fasciola, fasciole/ bundle of nerve or muscle fibers
fascioplasty/ plastic surgery of the fascia
fasciectomy/ excision of strips of fascia
fasciorrhaphy/ suturing a fascia
(Note that the original Latin noun fascia is used for the fibrous membrane covering, supporting and separating muscles and uniting the skin with underlying tissue.)

14. Chemical Substances

*venenum, a drug or poison/ poison
veneniferous/ transmitting or carrying poison
antivenin/ an antigenic substance prepared from immunized animal sera
venenaton/ condition of being poisoned; act of poisoning
venom/ a poison excreted by some animal, such as insects or snakes, and transmitted by bites or stings
COMPARE WITH : TOX-, TOXI-, TOXIC-, TOXIN-, or TOXON-

*oleum/ oil
oleoarthrosis/ therapeutic introduction of oil into a joint
oleoinfusion/ combination of a drug and oil
oleotherapy/ therapeutic injection of oil
oleothorax/ therapeutic injection of oil into the pleural cavity
(Note that the Latin word oleum is used to denote oil, as in oleum morrhuae.)

*ferrum/ iron
ferrous, ferric, or ferruginous (from related, ferrugo, gen. ferruginis, iron rust)/ pertaining to or containing iron; ferruginous also describes the color of iron rust; chalcybeate
ferrated/ combined with iron or containing iron
ferritin (chemical designation)/ an iron-phosphorous- protein complex containing about twenty-three per cent iron
ferrometer/ device to measure amount of iron in blood

*calx/ small stone, limestone
calculus/ any abnormal concretion within body
calcareous/ pertaining to or resembling lime
calcification/ deposit of lime salts in tissue
decalcification/ removal of lime salts from bone structure
COMPARE WITH : LITH- or LITE
DIFFERENTIATE FROM : CALC-, CALCANE-, or CALCAR-

*aqua/ water
aquapuncture/ injection of water hypodermically
aqueous/ watery, similar to water
aqueduct/ canal or passage, as the cerebral aqueduct
aquiferous/ carrying water or lymph
COMPARE WITH : HYDR-

*frux, gen. frugis, fruit; fructus, enjoyment, satisfaction, part. of verb fruor, enjoy/ fruit sugar
fructose/ fruit sugar, levulose
fructosuria/ fructose in the urine
fructolysis/ breakdown of fructose
fructosan/ a polysaccharide yielding fructose on hydrolysis

15. Animal Related Forms

*cauda/ tail of animals
caudal/ pertaining to a cauda
caudad/ in the direction of the tail
caudation/ state of having a tail; an elongated clitoris
ecaudate/ without a tail
The original Latin noun, cauda, is used for a tail or a structure resembling a tail

*floccus/ lock(of hair), tuft
floccillation/ semiconscious picking at bedclothes in fevers and stupors
floccular/ pertaining to the flocculus of the cerebellum
flocculent/ resembling the white portion of "floating island" or a fluid or culture containing whitish shreds of mucus
floccose/ pertaining to a bacterial growth with short but densely interwoven filaments
(Note that the diminutive Latin noun, flocculus, is used for the lobe below and behind the middle peduncle of the cerebrum on each side of the median fissure.

*cornu; adj. derived from noun, corneus and cornutus/ horn
cornification/ conversion of squamous epithelial cells into horny material
bicornuate or bicornuous/ with two horn-like processes
cornea/ anterior portion of fibrous (hard,horny) coat of eye
corniculum/ a little horn-like process
(Note that the original Latin noun, cornu, is used for any horny excrescence.)

*formica/ ant
formic acid/ iquid obtained from the oxidation of formaldehyde or wood alcohol; originally obtained from distillation of bodies of red ants
formication/ sensation as of ants creeping on the body
formiciasis/ symptoms caused by ant bites
formilase (an enzyme designation)/ ferment converting acetic acid into formic acid

*canis/ dog
canine/ pertaining to a dog or to the canine or eye teeth
caniniform/ having the form of a canine tooth
canicola fever/ febrile disease in humans and canidae caused by Leptospira canicola
caninity/ possession of a dog-like quality or nature
COMPARE WITH : CYN-

*equus/ horse
equilin(e)/ crystalline estrogenic hormone extracted from urine of pregnant mares; affects growth of female sex organs
equinia/ infectious disease of horses transmittable to man; glanders
equinovarus (varus, bent inward)/ from of clubfoot combining pes equinus and pes varus
equine/ pertaining to or like a horse
COMPARE WITH : HIPP-

*vermis/ worm
vermifuge/ agent for expelling intestinal worms
vermiculation/ a worm-like motion, as in the intestines
vermicide/ destroying worms, an agent that will kill intestinal worms
vermiphobia/ an abnormal fear of being infested with worms
(Note that the Latin word vermis is used to denote a worm or the median connecting lobe of the cerebellum.)
COMPARE WITH : HELMINTH-

*ala/ wing
alisphenoid/ pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
aliferous/ having wings
alar/ pertaining to a wing
alate/ winged
The original Latin noun ala is used for an expanded or wing-like structure of an appendage.
COMPARE WITH : PTER- or PTERYG-

*pinna or penna/ a feather, wing, or fin
penniform/ feathered-shaped
pinna/ the auricle or projection part of the external ear; a feather, wing, or fin
pennate/ feathered, resembling a feather
pinnal/ relating to the pinna; auricular
bipennate/ having the appearance of a feather with barbs on both sides of the shaft, referring to certain muscles
COMPARE WITH : PLUM-

*pluma/ feather
plumose/ feathery; resembling a feather
plumula/ a set of delicate cross-furrows on the upper wall of the aqueduct of Sylvius
plumaceous/ having feathers
plumate/ possessing feathers or referring to structure bearing hairs or antennae
COMPARE WITH : PINN- or PENN-

*unguis and ungula/ nail, in animals, hoof or claw
subungual/ situated beneath a nail of a finer or toe
ungula/ instrument for removal of dead fetus
ungulate/ having hoofs; pertaining to the ungulates
polyungia/ condition of additional nails on fingers or toes
COMPARE WITH : ONYCH- or ONVX-

*grex, gen. gregis/ flock
segregator/ instrument with two catheters for securing separate specimens of urine from each kidney
gregaloid/ resulting from union of previously independent individuals; used of a protozoan colony
gregarinida/ a large order of parasitic vermiform telosporidian protozoans
gregarinosis/ a disease caused by gregarines, especially in insectslana/wool

*lana/ wool
lanugo (from related noun lanugo, gen. lanuginis)/ downy hair covering the body; fine downy hairs that cover the body of the fetus, especially when premature
lanuginous/ covered with lanugo
lanolin (chemical designation)/ purified, fatlike substance obtained from the wool of sheep
lanosterol/ an unsaturated sterol in wool fat

*rostrum/ beak or any beak-like structure
rostral/ resembling a beak; toward the front or cephalic end of the body
rostriform/ shaped like a beak
rostrate/ having a beak or hook
rostellum/ any small beak or hook-like process, especially the anterior portion of the scolex of a tapeworm

*pecten, gen. pectinis/ comb or similar structure
pectinate/ having teeth like a comb
pectineal/ relating to the os pubis or the pectineus muscle
pectineus/ a flat, quadrangular muscle which flexes and adducts the thigh
pectiniform/ toothed like a comb
(Note that the Latin word pectin is used to denote the pubic bone, any comb-like organ, or the middle portion of the anal canal

*crista, tuft, comb, crest/ crest, ridge
intercristal/ between ridges of a bone or an organ
cristal/ pertaining to a ridge or crest
cristatorugose/ in botany, having deep, sharp-edged wrinkles, as a leaf
cristiform/ crest-shaped

16. Plant Related Forms

*arbor/ tree
arborescent/ branching, tree-like
arborization/ ramification, interlacing, as a nerve process
arbor vitae/ tree-like appearance in a median section of the cerebellum; also applied to ridges and folds within the mucosa of the uterine cervix
arboreal/ pertaining to a tree; inhabiting or frequenting trees
COMPARE WITH : DENDR-

*folium/ leaf, originally of a plant, later also of a manuscript or printed book
foliaceous/ pertaining to or like a leaf
folio/ bibliographical term for (a) a single leaf (as opposed to page, one side of a leaf) and (b) size of a book (usually over 30 cm. in height)
foliation/ the leafing out of plants
foliar/ pertaining to, resembling, or consisting of leaves
foliose/ bearing leaves or leaf-like appendages
(Note that the Latin word folium is used to denote a thin, broad, leaf-like structure as in folium vermis.)

*flos, gen. floris/ flower
efflorescence/ rash or redness of skin
defloration/ rupture of the hymen of a virgo intacta
deflorescence/ disappearance of a skin eruption
flora (plural of flos)/ plant life in general or in a specific environment, as flora in the intestinal tract
(Note that the plural of the original Latin noun , flora, describes plant life as distinguished from animal life (fauna) or plant life occurring in a specific environment, as flora of the intestines.)

*cortex, gen. cortices/ bark, outer layer
cortiadrenal/ pertaining to cortex of the adrenal gland
infracortical/ beneath the cortex
neocortex/ portion of cerebral hemisphere not a part of the rhinencephalon or the corpus striatum; neopallium
corticiferous/ having a cortex
(Note that the original Latin noun cortex refers to any outer layer of an organ.)

*radix, gen. radicis/ root
radiculomeningomyelitis/ inflammation of the nerve roots, meninges, and spinal cord
radical/ a group of atoms acting as a single unit, passing without change from one compound to another, but unable to exist in a free state; anything that reaches the root or origin; a foundation or principle
radicotomy/ section of spinal nerve roots
myeloradiculodysplasia/ congenital abnormality of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots
COMPARE WITH : RHIZ- or RRHIZ-

*ramus/ branch
ramification/ process of branching; a branch; arrangement in branches
ramisectomy/ excision of a ramus, specifically a ramus communicans
ramulus/ a small branch or ramus
biramous/ possessing two branches
(Note that the Latin word ramus is used to denote a branch of one of the divisions of a forked structure, the posterior portion of the lower jawbone, or the primary division of a blood vessel or nerve.)

*spina, thorn/ spine or anything is thorn-like
spinate/ having spines or shaped like thorn
spinifugal/ moving away from the spinal Cord
cerebrospinal/ referring to the brain and spinal cord
spinalgia/ pain in vertebra under pressure
(Note that the Latin word spina is used to denote any spine-like protuberance or the spine.)
COMPARE WITH: ACANTH-

*spica, spike or ear of grain/ spike
spicule/ a small, needle-shaped body
spicular/ pertaining to or having spicules
spiculum/ a spicule or small spike
(Note that the Latin word spica denotes either a spike or spur or a spiral bandage with reversed turns.)

*gemma/ bud
gemmule/ one of numerous minute processes present on the dendrites of a neuron
gemmation/ fission by budding (separation from a mother cell from which the bud is projected)
gemmiparous/ pertaining to reproduction by formation of buds
gemmulation/ formation of gemmules

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