³\®Ê¤¸

2005¦~12¤ë10¤é

¦è¼Ú¤¤¥j±ÐÅvªº¥@«U©µ¦ù¡G

¥H¸ô©ö¤C¥@®É´Áªº±B«Ã¬°¨Ò

¤Þ¨¥

¦b¤¤¥@¬ö¦è¼Ú¡A±B«Ã¹ï©ó¦U­Ó½Ñ«J¡B»â¥D¡B¶Q±Ú¦Ó¨¥¡A¥D­n¬O¤@ºØ¬Fªv©M¸gÀÙ§Q¯qªºµ²¦X¡A¡y¦³§Qªº±B«Ã·ù¬ù¡z¥i¥H¡yºû«ù¬Æ¦Ü«P¶i¥L­Ìªº¦a¦ì¡z[1]¡A±B«Ã¯Âºé¬OºØ«´¬ùÃö«Y©M®a±ÚÁp·ù¡C°ò©ó¤W­z­ì¦]¤Îªù²ÄÆ[©À¡A¨Ï±o¶Q±Ú¶¡ªº±B«Ã½d³ò«Ü¤p¡A¤£¥iÁקKªº¥X²{¤F¦UºØªñ¿Ë±B°t¡B¤@¤Ò¦h©d¥H¤ÎÂ÷±B²{¶H¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦è¼Ú±Ð·|¦b12¥@¬ö¡A¸g¹L¤@¨t¦C§ï­²¹B°Ê«á¡AÅv«Â¤j¤j´£°ª¡A¨Ã¤£¦Aº¡¨¬©ó¶È¶È¦¨¬°¤HÃþºë¯«¥@¬Éªº¥D®_¡AÁÙ¥ø¹Ï¤z¹w©M¾ÞÁa¥@«U¨Æ°È¡C¬°¦¹¡A´N»Ý­nÂX±i±Ð·|ªº¥qªkÅv¡A¨Ï±Ð·|ªk®x¦¨¬°¸Ñ¨M¼vÅT¤½¦@©M¨p¤HªÈ¯Éªº³õ©Ò¡C[2]¥H¤W´N¬O±Ð·|±B«Ãªk½T¥ßªº­I´º©M¥Øªº¡C¤U¤å±N¥H¸ô©ö¤C¥@(Louis VII)±B«Ã¤¤ªº¸T¼¤¥D¸q(sexual asceticism)¡Bªñ¿Ëªk(consanguinity)¤Î±Ð·|©ó¤Q¤G¥@¬ö´£¥X¤§¡y¦P·N­ì«h¡z§@¤Þ¤l¡AÄÄ©ú±Ð·|¦p¦ó©ó¥@«U±B«Ã¤W¦ù©µ¨äÅv¤O¡C

 

¸T¼¤¥D¸q

¤¤¥j°ò·þ±Ðªº¸T¼¤¥D¸q²z½×·½©ó¸t¶ø¥j´µ¤B(St. Augustine)¡y©Ê§Y¸o¡zªº»¡ªk¡A¤Î¦Ü¤¤¥j°ª®p®É´Á¡A¦¹¥D¸q¤j¦æ¨ä¹D¡A«Ü¤jµ{«×¥X©ó±Ð·|¼W¥[¹ï¥@«U¨Æ°ÈªººÞ¨î¡A¥¿¦p°¨ªL¿Õ¤Ò´µ°ò(Bronislaw Malinowski)«ü¥X¡G¡y©v±Ð¹ï©ó©Êªºª`·N¡A²Ä¤@­n±N³oºØ¤O¶q¤Þ¤J¦Û¤vªº½d³ò¡A¨ä¦¸¥[¥H±±¨î¡A³Ì«á¤D³Ð³y­s¾Þªº²z·Q¡C¡z[3]

 

¸t«Où(St. Paul)ªº¥D±i¡y»P¨ä¼¤¤õ§ð¤ß¡A¤£¦pµ²±B¬°§®¡z¡A¥¿¦n¥Î§@¸ÑÄÀ¸ô©ö¤C¥@»P¨ä²Ä¤T¥ô©d¤lAdelaµ²¦Xªº­ì¦]¡C®Ú¾Úªª®vGerald of Walesªº°O­z¡A¸ô©ö¤C¥@¤@¦¸©ó«k®Ú¦a¥´¥M¦^¶øº¸¨}«á¡A¯f­Ë¤F¥b­Ó¤ë¡A¸gÂå¥Í¶EÂ_«á¡Aµo²{¨ä¦]¸T¼¤¹L«×­P¯f¡A¸g¦U­×¤h°Ó¶q«á¡A¨M©wÅý¨ä¥t°ù©d¤l¡AÂåªv¯e¯f¡C

 

¸ô©ö¤C¥@ªº¨Ò¤lªí¹F¤F¤¤¥j°ò·þ±Ð¸T¼¤¥D¸qªº²±¦æ¡C¤¤¥j®É´Á¡A±Ð·|¤O¹Ïµ¹¥@«U±B«Ã¶î¤W©v±Ð¸T¼¤¥D·Nªº¦â±m¡C¸t¶ø¥j´µ¤Bµ¹±B«Ã©w¤U¤T¼h¥Øªº¡G¥Í´Þ¡B©¾¸Û¤Î¸t§¡C[4]ÅãµM¡A¥@«U±B«Ã¤@¥¹³Q¤W¤É¦¨¼i¦æ¯«¾Ç¸q°Èªº¸t§¡A±Ð·|¹ï©ó¾ã­ÓªÀ·|ªº±B«Ã»P®a®xÃö«Yªº±±¨î´NÅܱo¶¶§Q¦¨³¹¡C¦b±Ð·|±N¦Û¨­ªº±B«Ã­Û²z±j¥[µ¹¥@«UªÀ·|ªº®É­Ô¡A±Ð·|ªk®x¤]³vº¥¨ú¥N¥@«Uªk®x¡AÀò±o¤j³¡¤À±B«Ã¶D³^ªº¥qªkºÞÁÒÅv¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¸ÑÄÀ¬°¦ó¸ô©ö¤C¥@¸ò®J§Q¿Õ(Eleanor)Â÷±B¤Î¦A°ùAdela¡A§ó¸ÑÄÀ¤F¬°¦ó¥L¶·¸g¹L©v±Ð»â³S­Ìªº¦P·N¤~¯à§@¤W­zªº¨â¶µ¨M©w¡C

 

ªñ¿Ëªk

        ¦¹ªkÄY®æ­­¨îªñ¿Ëµ²±B¡C±q¤Q¤@¥@¬ö°_¡A±Ð·|¹ê¦æ¤C¥N¸T±B¨î¡A§Y³W©w¤C¥N¤ºªº¿ËÄݤ£±o³q±B¡F¨ì1215¦~¡A©Ô¯SÄõ©v±Ð·|ij¡A±Ð¬Ó­^¿Õ´Ë¤T¥@(Innocent III)±N¸T±B½d³òÁY¤p¦Ü¥|¥N¡C

 

        ªñ¿Ëªkªº­­¨îÁöµMÄYÂÔ¡A¦ý¦b°õ¦æ¤W¤Q¤ÀÃP´²¡C¥H¸ô©ö¤C¥@¬°¨Ò¡A·í¨ä©d®J§Q¿Õ©ó1148¦~¦]¹H¤Ïªñ¿Ëªk(ªþ¥ó1)­n¨DÂ÷±B®É¡A¸ô©öªí¥Ü¦P·N¡A¨Ã¦V¥D±ÐEugene III¶×³ø¡C¦ý¥O¤H·N¥~ªº¬O¡AEugene III ¥H±B«Ãªº¯«¸t½lµ²(Indissolubility of marriage)¬°¥Ñ¡AÄU»¡¥L­Ç¦A§@¬Û³B¡C¤Î¦Ü¸ô©ö¤C¥@1152¥Hªñ¿Ëªk¸ò®J§Q¿ÕÂ÷±B¦Ó¨³³t¥t¨úConstance of Castile¡A¦ý¿Ø¨ëªº¬O¡A¸ô©öªº¦A±B¹ê§óÄY­«¦a¹H¤Ï¦¹ªk¡A«o¥¼¾D±Ð·|Ãg³B¡C

 

        ¤£¤Ö¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X¡A·í®É±Ð·|¹ïªñ¿Ëªkªº°õ¦æ¡A¤D°ò©ó¬Fªv²z¥Ñ¦h©ó¯«¸t­ì¦]¡C¥Hªk°ê11¥@¬ö¥½°ê¤ýµá¤O´¶¤@¥@(Philip I)¬°¨Ò¡A¥D±Ð¯Qº¸¥»¤G¥@(Urban II)Áö¤£º¡µá§Q´¶¹H¤Ïªñ¿Ëªk¡A°ù¤U¦w¦p¤½À諸«e©dMertrada de Montfort¡A¦ý¥L³Ì²×¹ï¦¹µø¦Ó¤£¨£¡A¤D¥X©ó¥L¶·­nªk°ê¹ï¨ä»P¯«¸tù°¨«Ò°êªºª§©í¤¤§@¤ä«ù¡C[5]

 

¸ô©ö¤C¥@»P®J§Q¿ÕªºÂ÷±B¨£µýþӱз|¹ïªñ¿ËªkºA«×ªºÂàÅÜ¡C¤¤¥j¤Q¥@¬ö®É¡A½Ñ«J»â¥D­Ì§¡ÄY¦uªñ¿Ëªk¡F¦Ü¤Q¤@¥@¬ö¡A¶Õ¤O±j¤jªº½Ñ«J´±§@¤T¡B¥|¥Nªºªñ¿Ë³q±B¡A¦ý±Ð·|¤]·|¤©¥H­t­±µû»ù¡F¦ý¨ì¤Q¤G¥@¬ö¸ô©ö¤C¥@®É¡Aªñ¿Ëªk¤w§ïÅܨ䥻½è¡A¦¨¬°»â¥D¬°¸Ñ°£¤£¦X¥G§Q¯q¤§±B«Ãªº³Ì¨ÎÂǤf¡A¥t¤@¤è­±¡A±Ð·|¤w±j½Õ±B«Ãªº¯«¸t½l³y¦h©ó¤º±B¨î¡C[6]

 

ªñ¿Ëªk©Ê½èªºÂàÅÜ´¦µø¦è¼Ú¤¤¥j±Ð·|©ó¥@«U»P¯«¸t¨â±ø¸ô¤§¶¡ªº±Ã¤ã¡C±Ð·|§Æ±æ¥H¡y¯«¸t¡z(¨Ò¦p±B«Ãªk)³o¤@ª÷­è°éºòãT¡y¥@«U¡z(¨Ò¦p¥@«U±B«Ã)¡A±©·í¡y¥@«U¡z¤£Â_¼ç¶V¡y¯«¸t¡z®É¡Aª÷­è°é«h¤£Â_©ñ¤j¡A¥H¥]³ò¡y¥@«U¡z¡Aµ²ªG·sªº¡y¯«¸t¡z¤w¤£¦A¯«¸t¡C

 

¥t¥~¡A±Ð·|³q¹L±B«Ã³W½d»EÀÄ°]²£¡A»P¥@«U«Ê«Ø¥Dª§¹Ü°]´I¡C¨ä¥D­nªºÀÄ°]¤â¬q¤§¤@«K¬OÀò¨ú¥@«U®½ÃØ¡C¦p¦ó¼vÅT«H®{§ó¦h¦a®½ÃØ°]²£¡A¤]¬O¼vÅT±Ð·|±B«Ã²z©Àªº¤@­Ó­«­n¦]¯À¡C¥Ø«e¦è¤è¥v¾Ç¬É¦³ºØÆ[ÂI¡A»{¬°ÂX¤j¸T±B½d³òªº¥Ø¼Ð¤§¤@¡A´N¬O¬°¤FÂX¤j®½Ãتº¨Ó·½¡C¦]¬°¦bµL¤l¤kªº¤Ò°üÂùÂù¤`¬G¤§«á¡A¦pªG¥L­Ì¦³¦@¦Pªº¿ËÄÝ¡A¨º»ò«Ü¥i¯à¥Ñ³o¦W¿ËÄÝÄ~©Ó¨ä¿ò²£¡F¦ý­YªG¥L­Ì¨Ó¦Û¨â­Ó²@¤£ªI¤zªº®a±Ú¡A¨º»ò·í¨â­Ó®a±Ú¬°ª§¹Ü¿ò²£Ä~©ÓÅv¦Ó¤¬¤£¬ÛÅý®É¡Aµ²ªG©¹©¹¬O§â¿ò²£®½Ãص¹±Ð·|¡C[7]

 

¦P·N­ì«h

       ¡y¦P·N­ì«h¡zªº½T¥ß¡A¬O12¥@¬ö±B«Ãªkªº¤@¤j°^Äm¡A¥¦¨Ïµý±B¤H³B©ó¥i¦³¥iµLªº¹Ò¦a¡A¬°¨º¨Ç¨ã¦³­Ó¤H¥D¸qºë¯«¤Z¦~»´¨k¤k¤Ï§Ü®a®x¥]¿ì±B«Ã´£¨Ñ¤F²z½×¨Ìªk©Mªk«ß«OÅ@¡C

 

±Ð·|¬°¤Fª§¨ú¥Á²³ªº¤ä«ù¡A³q¹L±B«Ã³W½d½á¤©±B«Ã·í¨Æ¤H¦Û¥Ñªí¹F©M¹ê²{¨ä·N§ÓªºÅv§Q¡A³o¬O¹ï«Ê«Ø®aªø¨î©M»â¥DÅvªº¥´À»¡A¤]¥²µM¥[¼@¥@«U«Ê«Ø¥D»P±Ð·|ªº¥Ù¬Þ½Ä¬ð¡C±q³o­Ó·N¸q¤W»¡¡A¡y¦P·N­ì«h¡z¨ã¦³¤Ï«Ê«Ø·N¸q¡C

 

¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¡y¦P·N­ì«h¡zªº°^Äm¥u¬y©ó²z½×¼h­±¡A¦b¹ê»Ú¤W®Ú¥»Ãø¥H¹ê¦æ¡C­º¥ý¡A ±Ð·|ªº¡y±B«Ã»Ùê¡z²z½×¹ê½è»P¡y¦P·N­ì«h¡z¦³©Ò½Ä¬ð¡C¡y±B«Ã»Ùê¡z¨c¨c­­¨î¤Fµ²±B¤Î¸Ñ°£±B¬ùªº±ø¥ó¡A¨º»ò¡y¦P·N­ì«h¡z¤¤´£­Òªº¦Û¥Ñ·N§Ó®Ú¥»½Í¤£¤W¦Û¥Ñ¡C¥t¥~¡A©Ò¿×±B«Ãªº¡y¦Û¥Ñ¿ï¾Ü¡z¡A«Ü¤jµ{«×¤W¯Ù­¢¤U²£¥Íªº¡C¥H®J§Q¿Õ¬°¨Ò¡A·í¦o»P¸ô©ö¤C¥@Â÷±B®É¡A¦³5¦W½Ñ«J°l¨D³o¦ì·í®É¼Ú¬w³Ì´I¦³ªºÄ~©Ó¤H¡C¤H­Ì¬Û«H¡A®J§Q¿Õ­Ü«P¤U¶ù¦ë§Q¤G¥@¡A¦]¬°¦o¶·­n¤@­Ó¯à«OÅ@¦oªº¤g¦aªº¤H¡C¤@­Ó´IÄ\ÁÙ¥´ºâ¬¡¦b¥@¬É¤Wªº¸Ü¡A¥@¬É´N¤£·|Åý¦o¦w¨­¡C[8]

  

Á`µ²

±q¤W¤å¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¥Ñ¸ô©ö¤C¥@ªº±B«Ã¤¤¿sµø¦è¼Ú¤¤¥j®É´Áªº¤@­«­nºë¯«­±»ª¢w¢w±Ð·|³z¹L±B«Ãªk¥H¶i¤@¨B±±¨î¥@«U¡C§Ú­Ì¥i¨£¡A¡y¯«¸t¡z»P¡y¥@«U¡z°«ª§¤¤Âù¤è¤¬¦³¿éĹ¡A¦ý¦³¤@­Ó¦³½ìªº²{¶H¬°¡G¡y¯«¸t¡zªºª÷­è°é¬°±±¨î¡y¥@«U¡z¦Ó·U¥[©ñ¼e¡A¹D¼wªº¥¢¦a·U¨£¼W¤j¡A§Y¨Ï¡y¥@«U¡z¤´¦b¡y¯«¸t¡zªº±±¨î¤U¡A°÷³º½Ö¬OĹ®a¡H¦³¤H»{¬°¤¤¥@¬ö¤¤¡y¯«¸t¡z»P¡y¥@«U¡z°«ª§¤D±À°Ê¼Ú¬wªº¤£Â_µo®i¡A§Ú·Q³o¥¿¬O¹D®a©Ò¨¥¤§¡u¤@±i¤@¦¢¡A¤åªZ¤§¹D¤]¡v¡I

 

°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø

  1. ¦ò®Ô¦è´µ¡E¦N´µ¡A¬ù·æ¤Ò¡E¦N´µ¡G¤¤¥@¬öªº±B«Ã©M®a®x (¯Ã¬ù¡G«¢¬Ä©Mù¥Xª©ªÀ)
  2. §õÀs¡G<²L½×12¥@¬ö«e«á°ò·þ±Ðªº±B«Ã²z©À>¡A¸ü©ó¡m­º³£®v½d¤j¾Ç¾Ç³ø¡n¡A2002¦~²Ä2´Á
  3. ¼ï¸k»Ê¡G¡m©ÊªºªÀ·|¥v¡n(¾G¦{¡Gªe«n¤H¥Á¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1998¦~)
  4. ªL¤¤¿A¡G<¤¤¥@¬ö¦è¼Úªº©v±Ð¸T¼¤¥D¸q¤Î¨ä¾ú¥v¼vÅT>¡A¸ü©ó¡m¾ú¥v¤ë¥Z¡n¡A1997¦~²Ä5 ´Á
  5. Georges Duby, The Knight, the Lady and the Priest (Harmondsworth, Middlesex : Penguin Books, 1985)
  6. Constance Brittain  Bouchard, ¡¥Eleanor¡¦s Divorce from Louis VII: The Uses of  Consanguinity¡¦, in Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (eds.) Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002)
  7. ¼B·s¦¨¡G<¦è¼Ú¤¤¥@¬ö°ò·þ±Ðªº±B«ÃÆ[>¡A¸ü©ó¡m­º³£®v½d¤j¾Ç¾Ç³ø¡n
  8. 汤´¶逊¡G¡m¤¤¥@纪‰r‰kªÀ‰N¡G300-1300 ¦~¡n¤U¥U¡A¯Õ²H¦p译 (¥_¨Ê¡G°Ó‰U¦L书馆¡A1997¦~)

ªþ¥ó1

The Relationship between Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine

 

²Õ´¹Ï



[1] ¦ò®Ô¦è´µ¡E¦N´µ¡A¬ù·æ¤Ò¡E¦N´µ¡G¤¤¥@¬öªº±B«Ã©M®a®x (¯Ã¬ù¡G«¢¬Ä©Mù¥Xª©ªÀ)¡C

[2] §õÀs¡G<²L½×12¥@¬ö«e«á°ò·þ±Ðªº±B«Ã²z©À>¡A¸ü©ó¡m­º³£®v½d¤j¾Ç¾Ç³ø¡n¡A2002¦~²Ä2´Á¡A­¶24¡C

[3] ¼ï¸k»Ê¡G¡m©ÊªºªÀ·|¥v¡n(¾G¦{¡Gªe«n¤H¥Á¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1998¦~)¡A­¶250¡C

[4] ªL¤¤¿A¡G<¤¤¥@¬ö¦è¼Úªº©v±Ð¸T¼¤¥D¸q¤Î¨ä¾ú¥v¼vÅT>¡A¸ü©ó¡m¾ú¥v¤ë¥Z¡n¡A1997¦~²Ä5 ´Á¡A­¶61¡C

[5] Georges Duby, The Knight, the Lady and the Priest (Harmondsworth, Middlesex : Penguin Books, 1985), pp. 3-18.

[6] Constance Brittain  Bouchard, ¡¥Eleanor¡¦s Divorce from Louis VII: The Uses of  Consanguinity¡¦, in Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady (eds.) Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), p. 232.

[7] ¼B·s¦¨¡G<¦è¼Ú¤¤¥@¬ö°ò·þ±Ðªº±B«ÃÆ[>¡A¸ü©ó¡m­º³£®v½d¤j¾Ç¾Ç³ø¡n¡A1995¦~²Ä3´Á¡C

[8] 汤´¶逊¡G¡m¤¤¥@纪‰r‰kªÀ‰N¡G300-1300 ¦~¡n¤U¥U¡A¯Õ²H¦p译 (¥_¨Ê¡G°Ó‰U¦L书馆¡A1997¦~)¡A­¶339¡C