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§Ún¾ú¥v¤Wµ¹§Ú¯d¦Wªº¤£³æ¬O¡u§Ô°d¡vªº·t±¡A§ón¬O¡ut«¡vªº«G«×[47]¡F¾ú¥v¤W¥²¦³§Ú¥ú½÷¤§¤@³¹¡C
§Aªº¼°¤Í
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°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¡G
¦ë¼w¨½§J¡D©ÐÀs¡G¡m¤HÃþªº¬G¨Æ¡n¡]¥x¥_¡A¦nŪ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A2004¡^
§õ¬î¹s¡B¥ÐÁ¨¡G¡m¯«¥ú¨N¯D¤Uªº¤å¤Æ¦A¥Í¡X¤å©ú¦b¤¤¥@¬öªºÁ}ÃøŽà¨B¡n¡]¥_¨Ê : µØ®L¥Xª©ªÀ¡A2000¡^
º~´µ-ºûº¸¯Ç. ¯ýµÛ ¤ý¨È¥Ä¶¡G¡m¼Ú¬w¤¤¥@¬ö¥Í¬¡ 7-13 ¥@¬ö¡n( ¥_¨Ê : ªF¤è¥Xª©ªÀ, 2002)
C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n(¥x¥_¡AÁp¸g¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1986)
º~´µºûº¸¯Ç¡D®æ¯ýµÛ ¤ý¨È¥Ä¶¡G¡m¼Ú¬w¤¤¥@¬ö¥Í¬¡¡n(¥_¨Ê¡GªF¤è¥Xª©ªÀ¡A 2002)
Alfred
J. Andrea [selected
by] The medieval record : sources of medieval history /.
Jo Ann Hoeppner Moran Cruz¡GMedieval worlds :
an introduction to European history, 300-1492, Richard Gerberding.
H.G. Koenigsberger:
Medieval
«á°O¡G¥»¤å¥u¬°¤@¥÷¬ã²ß¾ú¥v¤§²ß§@¡A¸Õ¹Ï¦p¯«¤÷©Ò¨¥¡A¨«¶i¾ú¥v»P¾ú¥v®i¶}¹ï¸Ü¡C
[1]¡uÀHµÛªÀ·|¥Ñ¾Ôª§ª¬ºA³v¨B¶i¤J¦w©w®É´Á¡A¤¤¥@¬öªºªÀ·|¬¡°Ê¶}¦n¦b¸gÀÙ¡B¬Fªv©M¥æ¤å¤Æµ¥¦U¤è±¥X²{§A¦Ûù°¨«Ò°ê¶ÉÀZ«áªº´_¿³¥Í¾÷¡K¡v¨£§õ¬î¹s¡B¥ÐÁ¨¡G¯«¥ú¨N¯D¤Uªº¤å¤Æ¦A¥Í ¡X ¤å©ú¦b¤¤¥@¬öªºÁ}ÃøŽà¨B ¡]¥_¨Ê : µØ®L¥Xª©ªÀ¡^2000¶184¡C
[2] Henry, full of remorse did penance imposed by the pope .He walked to Canterbury Cathedral in sack cloth and ashes and allowed himself to be flogged by the monks there. http;//www.britainexpress.com/History/Henry_II_and_Thomas_a_Becket.htm
[3] ¡§Becket benefited from his family's status first by being sent to
¥t¸ü¦³Ãö¨â¤H¤§¬Û¥æ¡A¨£http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14676a.htm¡A¡§The chroniclers speak with wonder of the relations which existed between the chancellor and the sovereign, who was twelve years his junior. People declared that ¡§they had but one heart and one mind¡¨
[4] §Y¥d¿ÕÂÄÂѨ£¡C1077 ¦~ 1 ¤ë¡A¯«¸tù°¨«Ò°êªº¬Ó«Ò¦ë§Q¥|¥@¦b´H¥V¶V¹Lªüº¸³²´µ¤s¡A¨ì¸q¤j§Q¥_³¡ªº¥d¿ÕÂÄ¡A¨©Ü¸o¦ç¡A¨ª¨¬¥ß©ó³·¦a¤§¤¤¡A½Ð¨D±Ð¬Ó®æ§Q°ª¨½¤C¥@¡] 1073 ¡ã 1085 ¦~¡^¼e®¤¡A±µ¨ü®æ§Q°ª¨½¸T¤î¥@«U±Â¾¤©¥D±Ð©M×¹D°|ªøµ¥¡C¥H«á¡A¦ë§Q¥|¥@«¾ãºX¹ª¡A±a§L¶i¥Ç¸q¤j§Q¶i¦æ³ø´_¡A®æ§Q°ª¨½¤C¥@©ó 1085 ¦~¦b¬y¤`¤¤¦º¥h¡D
[5] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n(¥x¥_¡AÁp¸g¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1986) ¶229¡G¡u¥|Ó¹L«×¼ö¤ßªº¬Ó®aªZ¤h¼ç¤JªÖ¯S§B¨½¤j±Ð°ó¡A¦³¤j²½¾Â¤W¨ë±þ¨©§J¯S¡C¡v
[6] Henry II was purported to shout: "What sluggards, what cowards have I brought up in my court, who care nothing for their allegiance to their lord. Who will rid me of this meddlesome priest."
[7]©Ò°Ñ¾\¤§¸ê®Æ¨Ã¨S¦³Ãö©ó¥|ÓªZ¤h¦æ¨ë«áªº°O¸ü¡C
[8]¦ë§Q§Y¦ì¤§ªì¡AµÛ¤â¾ã¹y«Ê«Ø¯´§Ç¡AÄY¥[ÂíÀ£¤º¶Ã´Á¶¡Ä̰ʪº¤j«Ê«Ø¥D¡A¤U¥O©î·´^®æÄõ¶Q±Ú¦b¥H«eµL¬F©²®É´Á¥¼¸g¯Sã¦Ó¿³«Øªº«°³ù¡A¤S§ï²x¨î
[9] ¦Pµù¤T¡C
[11]C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶224¡G¦ë§Q¤@¥@¡]1100-1135¡^¥h¥@®É¡A¦ë§Q¤G¥@¥u¦³¨â·³¡A¤ý¦ì¬°¦ë§Q¤@¥@¤§Ë»¨à¥¬¬¥¨Èªº¥v¸¦ªâ (Stephen of Blois) ©Ò±o¬°¤F¯s®æ¾|¿Õ°Òªº»â¤g±±¨îÅv¡A¥v¸¦ªâ»Pº¿¸¦¦Õ¹F¡B³Ç¥±§Q¤Î±q¥L̤麥ªø¤jªº¨à¤l°«ª§¤F¤Q¤EӰʶ꺦~ÀY¡F¶Q±Ú̦³ªº¤ä«ù³o¤@Ãä¡B¦³ªº¤ä«ù¥t¤@Ãä¡A³w¦Û¿³¿v¥¼±o±s㪺«°³ù¡B¹°¹Ü¬Ó®aÅv¤O¡C¦U¶¥¼hªº¤H¹¡¨ü¾Ôª§·Î¼õ¡A³£´÷±æ«¨É¦ë§Q¤@¥@®É¥Nªºª@¥¤é¤l¡C
¥t¨£http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/medievalengland.htm¡X¡§Anarchy in 12th century England¡¨
[12]¦ë¼w¨½§J¡D©ÐÀs¡G¡m¤HÃþªº¬G¨Æ¡n¡A¶221¡G¦ë§Q¤@¥@¡]1100-1135¡^¬OÆF¥©ªº¥~¥æ®a©M¦æ¬F²·sªÌ¡A¥LµÂ²M°ê¤ºªº«q¶Ã¡A¨Ã§Q¥Î·í®É¼Wªø¤¤ªºÁcµØ©â¨ú«µ|¡C¡K¡K¥L¹ï¥Lªº^°ê»P¿Õ°Ò¤l¥Áªº°¶¤j¨Æ¥\¬O¡GÄY¼FºûÅ@©M¥¡C
[13]¦Pµù10¡C
[14] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶222¡C
[15] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶221¡G¡u©ºªAªÌ«Â·G¤Î¨ä¨à¤l¦b¦ì®É¡A¬O¬Ó®a¦æ¬FºÞ²z«Ø¨îªº«n¦¨ªø¡C¦a²£°É¬d¬ö¿ý¡m¤g¦a²M¤V¥U¡n(Domesday Book)1086¦~¬Ó®a¿Ù¥O¹ï¤g¦a±q¨Æºî¦X½Õ¬dªº²£«~¡A¨£ÃÒ¤F©ºªAªÌ«Â·GÅé¨îªº¦æµ`¬F«Â¤O¡C1066-1135¤§¶¡¡A¬Ó«Ç¦æ¬FºÞ²z³vº¥ºë±K¡B§ó¦³®Ä²v¡C¦ë§Q¤@¥@¥½´Á¡A¬Ó®aªº¥qªk¤Hû¨µ°j^®æÄõ¦U¦a¡A¦b¦U°pªk®x¸ÌÅ¥³^¡A©ó¬O§â°ê¤ýªº¥qªkºÞÁÒ©Ý®i¨ì¨C¤@¨¤¸¨¡C¡v
[16]¨£§õ¬õ®ü¡G¡q¦ë§Q¤G¥@§ï²»P^°ê´¶³qªk¡r¸ü©óhttp://www.gongfa.com/heliershigeigeyuputongfalihh.htm¡G¡u³Ì«á¦b¤Q¤G¥@¬öªìªº´X¤Q¦~¡A°ê¤ý¤]´¿¿ï¬£¹L¤@¨Ç¤ý«Çªk©x¨ì¦a¤è¥D«ù¨µ°j¼f§P¡C¦ýÁ`ªº¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b¦ë§Q¤G¥@¤§«e¡A^°êªº¤ý«Ç¥qªk¾÷ºcÁÙ¨S¦³¥¿¦¡§Î¦¨¡A¤ý«Ç¥qªk¦æ爲ÁÙ±a¦³«Ü¤jªºÀH·N©Ê©M«D±Mªù©Ê¡A¦b³o¼Ëªº±ø¥ó¤U¡A¦ÛµM«ÜÃøµo®i¥X¥¦¦Û¤vªºªk«ßÅé¨t¡C¡v
[17] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶225¡G³o¬O¦ë§Q¤G¥@©Ò°l¨Dªº¤TÓ©¼¦¹¬ÛÃöªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C
[18]¨£¡q¿Õ°Ò²Ä»P¦w¯ø¬Ó´Â¡r¸ü©ó¡Ghttp://limbo.blogbus.com/logs/2005/11/1596195.html¡G¤Z¦Û¥Ñ¥Áú¯Ç¤@©w¶O¥Î¥i§â¦Û¤vªº®×¥ó±q»â¥Dªk®xÂಾ¨ì¤ý«Çªk®x¡C¤ý°ê¥u³q¦æ¤@ºØªk«ß¡A§Y¿m«e·|ij¨î©w¥Ñ¤ý«Ç¹{§G¹ê¬Iªºªk«ß¡C³o¦¨爲^°ê¿W¨ã¯S¦âªº´¶³qªkªº°_·½¡C
[19]¤ý¥»¦s ¡G¡qªk©x¬O¤°š¬?¡r¡A¸üªk«ß«ä·Qºô¡G³o¬O¹ï«á¥@ªk«ßµo®i¦³µÛ«n§@¥Îªº¨µ°jªk®x¤¤ªºªk©x̦b¦U¦a¼f§P®×¥ó®É¡A°£¿í´`¤ý«Çªk¥O¥~¡A¥Dn¨Ì¾Ú·í¦a²ßºD¡C·í¥LÌ«»EÛ´°®É¡A³q¹L±¡ªp¥æ¬y©M¬Û¤¬½R°Ó¡A©¼¦¹©Ó»{¹ï¤è§P¨M¥i¥H§@爲¥H«á¼f§P¦PÃþ®×¥ó¤§¨Ì¾Ú¡A¦b¥þ°ê³q¦æ¡A³o´N¬O´¶³qªk¡]The common law¡^¡C´¶³qªkªº¥X²{§¹¥þ¬Oªk©x̦b¨ºÓ¦º¸`ªºªÈÄñ¤U¡A²ßºD»P¤ý«Çªk¥O¤§¶¡Á}Ãø¨ú±Ëªº¤@Ó産ª«¡A¾¨ºÞ¥¦¥²¶·É§U¤ýÅv¡A¦ý¥¦¨M¤£¬O¤ý«Ç¡A¤]¤£¬O²ßºDªº¡A¥¦¬Oªk©xªº¡C¥¿¦p¦Ò¤å©Ò¨¥¡G¡§¤HÌ»{爲´¶³qªk±q¤@¶}©l´N«Ø¥ß¦b²ßºD¤W¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A´¶³qªk§Y¬O²ßºD¡A³o¨Ç²ßºD¬O³q¹L¤Wz¼f§P¨î«×³v¨Bµo®i爲¥þ°ê©Êªº¡A¤]´N¬O»¡µo®i爲´¶³qªº¡]common¡^¡C
[20] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶228¡C
[21]¨£§õ¬õ®ü¡G¡q¦ë§Q¤G¥@§ï²»P^°ê´¶³qªk¡r¡G±Ð·|¦b¦è¼Ú¤¤¥@¬öªº±j¶Õ¦s¦b¡A³y¦¨¤F©v±Ð¶Õ¤O»P¥@«U¬Fªv¶Õ¤O¤§¶¡ªº¨î¿Å¡A«ÈÆ[¤W爲¤HÌ´£¨Ñ¤F¤@©wªº¦Û¥ÑªÅ¶¡¡C¾¨ºÞ¨âºØ¶Õ¤O©Î¦¹®ø©¼ªø¡A©Î¶Õ§¡¤O¼Ä¡A¦Ó¥B¤¬¦³º¯³z¡A¦ý°ò¥»¤W§Î¦¨¤F¨â¬Û¤Ç¼ÄªºÅv«Â¡A§Yºë¯«ªºÅv«Â©M¥@«UªºÅv«Â¡A¹F¨ì¡§·_¼»ªºÂk·_¼»¡AC¿qªºÂkC¿q¡¨ªºª¬ºA¡C¬JµM¤£¦s¦bµ´¹ï¡B°ß¤@ªºÅv«Â¡A¤]´N¤£®e©ö産¥Í¹X¨î¤@¤Áªº±M¨î¡C¡§¤@Ó°l¨D¦Û¥Ñªº¤H¥i¥H¦b¨âÃä¸úÂáX¡X±o¸o¤F¥@«U¬F©²¡A¥i¥H¸ú¨ì±Ð·|¡F±o¸o¤F±Ð·|¡A¥i¥H½Ð¨D°ê¤ýªº§ÈÅ@¡A¡¨±Ð·|»P¥@«U¬F©²¤§¶¡ªº±i¤Oµ¹¤H̱a¨Ó¤F¤@Ó¬Û¹ï¦Û¥ÑªºªÅ¶¡¡K
[22] Jo Ann Hoeppner Moran Cruz¡GMedieval worlds : an introduction to European history, 300-1492, Richard Gerberding. Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin, c2004.p.330-331¡G
¡§¡K.those who knew Henry were impressed with his inexhaustible energy- From morning to night he is engaged unceasingly on affairs of state. He never sits down except when he mounts his horse or takes a meal and he frequently rides in one day a journey four or five times the length of a normal day¡¦s ride. It is very difficult to find out where he is or what he will do during the day for the frequently changes his plans¡K.¡¨
[23]¨©§J¯S´¿¨¥¡GI
served our Theobald well when I was him; I served
King Henry well as Chancellor; I am his no more, and I
must serve the Church.
[24]¨©§J¯S¹ï©ó¬ÓÅv¤§¨¥½×¡A¸ü©óhttp://ise.uvic.ca/Library/SLTnoframes/istory/henryii.html
¡§And since it is certain that kings receive their power from the Church, not she from them but from Christ, so, if I may speak with your pardon, you have not the power to give rules to bishops, nor to absolve of excommunicate anyone, to draw clerks before secular tribunals, ¡K. and many other things of his sort which are written among your customs which you call ancient.¡¨
[25]¡¥ The Murder of Thomas Becket 1170¡¦ ¸ü©óhttp://www.eyewitnesstohistory .com/pfbecket.htm,
¡§Archbishop Theobold died in 1161, and Henry immediately saw the opportunity to increase his influence over the Church by naming his loyal advisor to the highest ecclesiastical post in the land. Henry petitioned the Pope who agreed There was only one slight hindrance. Beckect, busy at court, had never been ordained. No problem, Becket was first invested as a priest. The next day he was ordained a Bishop, and that afternoon, June2,1162, made Archbishop of Canterbury.
[26]¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv¤§ª§Investiture
Controversy±Ð§Ê»P¯«¸tù°¨«Ò°ê¤§¶¡Ãö©ó¯«Â¾¤Hûªº²Îªv¥Nªí¶H¼x¨s³ºÄݽ֪º°ÝÃDªºª§½×¡C1075¦~±Ð©v®æ¦C°ª§Q¤C¥@Äþ³d¦w±Æ¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv¬O¥@«U·í§½¹ï±Ð·|ªº¤£¤½¥ªº¥D±i¡F³oÓ°ÝÃD¤£¶È¬O¥L»P¦ë§Q¥|¥@¬Ó«Òª§½×ªºÃöÁä¡A¤]¬O±Ð§Ê»P«Ò°ê¤§¶¡§ó¤jªºÅv¤O¤§ª§ªºÃöÁä¡C^®æÄõªº¦ë§Q¤@¥@©ó1106¥ç´¿©ñ±ó¦w±Æ¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv¡A¦ý¥æ´«±ø¥ó¬O¦b¨ü¯«Â¾¤§«en¥ý¦V°ê¤ýªí¥Ü·q·N¡C
¨£¡q¤j^²©ú¦Ê¬ì¡r¤§¡u¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv¤§ª§¡v±ø¡A¸ü©óhttp://203.64.158.220/ebintra/Content.asp?ContentID=11874
[27]¨Uº¸©i´µ©v±Ð¨ó©wConcordat of Worms 1122¦~±Ð©v¥[¨½´µ³£¤G¥@»P¯«¸tù°¨«Ò°ê¬Ó«Ò¦ë§Q¤¥@¡]1106¡ã1125¦~¦b¦ì¡^¬°¸Ñ¨M¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv¤§ª§¦Óq¥ßªº©M¸Ñ±ø´Ú¡C³o¤@¨ó©w¼Ð»xµÛ±ÐÅv»P¤ýÅv°«ª§²Ä¤@¶¥¬qªºµ²§ô¡C¨ó©w¹ï©ó°ª¯Å±Ð¤hªº¯«Â¾©Ê½è»P¥Ļ@¬°«Ê¦a»â¥D¹ï¬Ó«Òªº¦ÚÄݦa¦ì¡A¦³©ú½Tªº³W©w¡C¥D±Ð¤Î×¹D°|ªø¥Ñ±Ð¤h¿ï¥X¡AY¿ïÁ|¤¤µo¥Í¤Àª[¡A«h¥Ñ¬Ó«Ò¨M©w¤H¿ï¡C·í¿ïªÌº¥ý³Q±Â¤©¥Nªí¥@«UÅv¤OªºÅv¼Ð¡AµM«á³Q±Â¤©¥Nªí©v±ÐÅv¤Oªºªª§ú©MÅv§Ù¡C
¨£¡q¤j^²©ú¦Ê¬ì¡r¤§¡u¨Uº¸©i´µ©v±Ð¨ó©w¡v±ø¡A¸ü©óhttp://203.64.158.220/ebintra/Content.asp?ContentID=24836
[28]ì¦WùÄõ¦h¡E¯Z}¤º§Q¡]Rolando
Bandinelli¡^±Ð©v¡]1159¡ã1181¦~¦b¦ì¡^¡C¦¦~¬ã¨s¯«¾Ç©Mªk¾Ç¡C¦]¾á¤ß¯«¸tù°¨«Ò°ê¡]Holy Roman Empire¡^ªº¶Õ¤O¤é¯q§§¤j¡A¦]¦Ó±À°Ê»P¿Õ°Ò¤Hµ²·ù¡]1156¡^¡C¥L·S´o¤F¬õÄG¤lµÌ¯S¯P¡A°_¦]©ó«üºÙ«Ò°ê¬°¡u¸tÄ¡v¡A·t³ë¬°±Ð©vªºÂ§ª«¡C1159¦~¼Ï¾÷¥D±Ð±À¿ï¥L¬°±Ð©v¡A¦ý¬O¦bµÌ¯S¯P¤@¥@¤ä«ù¤U¤]¿ï¥X²Ä¤@¦ì°°±Ð©v¡A¨Ï±o¥L¬y¤`ªk°ê¡]1162¡^¡C¨¬°±Ð©v«ÂÅvªº®Â½ÃªÌ¡A¥L¤ä«ù¨©§J¯S¡]St. Thomas Becket¡^¤Ï¹ï^®æÄõ°ê¤ý¦ë§Q¤G¥@¡C1165¦~ªð¦^ù°¨¡C1166¦~µÌ¯S¯P¤@¥@¤S¢¨Ï¥L¦A«×¬y¤`¡C¦b¥Lªº¤ä«ù¤UÛ¤Ú©³Áp·ù¡]Lornbard League¡^¦¨¥ß¡A©ó1176¦~¦bµÜ¯Ç¿Õ¡]Legnano¡^À»±ÑµÌ¯S¯P¤@¥@¡A¬°«Â¥§´µ©M¥¾Q¥¤F¹D¸ô¡C¥L°Ñ»P©v±Ð¶Ç²Îªº§ï²¡A¨Ã¥D«ù1179¦~¥l¶}ªº©Ô¯SÄõ·|ij¡]Lateran
Council¡^¡C
¨£¡q¤j^²©ú¦Ê¬ì¡r¤§¡u¤T¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤T¥@¡v±ø¡A¸ü©óhttp://203.64.158.220/ebintra/Content.asp?Query=&ContentID=352
[29] H.G. Koenigsberger: Medieval
¡§The arguments which he (Becket) and Henry II put forward were entirely conventional and did not reach the level of the controversies between papalists and imperialists on the Continent. Nor was Alexander III prepared to back the archbishop unreservedly.¡¨
[30]¨£ ¡§The Feast of St. Thomas Becket¡¨ ¸ü©óhttp://www.kensmen.com/catholic/customschristmasx.html,
¡§The king was quick to receive the
inevitable outcome of the archbishop¡¦s attitude and called a meeting of the
clergy at
[31]§J©ÔÛµn¾Ëªk, Constitutions of Clarendon¦è¤¸1164¦~^¤ý¦ë§Q¤G¥@µo¥¬ªº½T©w^®æÄõ±Ð·|»P°ê®aÃö«Yªº¤jªk¡A¦@¤Q¤»±ø¡C¨ä©v¦®¦b¨î±Ð·|ªº¯SÅv©M©v±Ðªk®xªºÅv¤O¡C¦ë§Q¥D±i¬O¾Ëªk¥Nªí¥j¦Ñªº·«U²ßºD¡C¨£ C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶228¡C
[32]¦ë§Q¤@¥@»P§¢¯S§B¨½¦w¶ë²öº¸Anselm of Canterbury¦]¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv°ÝÃD¦Óµo¥Íª§§n¡AÁöµMÂù¤è¦b1107¦~§´¨ó¨ó©w¸T¤î«U¤H±Â¾¡A¦ýã³\§g¥D«O¦³¹ï«n±Ð·|¾¦ìªº±±¨î¡C±Ð·|ªº¤g¦a¥DºÞnÄ~Äò¶Ç²Î¡A®Ä©¾©ó§g¥D¡C¤ñ³o¶µ¨ó©w§ó¬°«nªº¬O¤@Өƹê¡G¨â¦~¤§«á¡A¦w¶ëº¸²ö¥h¥@¡A¬Ó«Ç°ªÀ£»PÃÙ§UݥΡA¤ä°t¤F^®æÄõ±Ð·|¡C¦w¶ëº¸²öªºì«hÁö±o¨ì³Ó§Q¡A¦ý±Ð·|¤´´¶¹M¶¶±q¤ý«Ç¡C
[33] Becket¦b¥¼¾á·í¤j¥D±Ð®É¡A¥Í¬¡·¥ºÉºaµØ¡A¤@¦pHenryII¡F±©·í¤W¤j¥D±Ð«á¡A§Y©¿º¸§J»ü¬ù§ô¡C
[34]§¢¯S§B¨½ªº¸t¦w·æÛAnselm of Canterbury, St¦è¤¸1033/1034¡ã1109¦~1078¦~¦¨¬°¨©§J¤j×¹D°|°|ªø¡C1077¦~¦w·æÛ¼g¥X¯«¾Ç½×¤å¡m¿W¥Õ¡n¡]Monologium¡^¡A¸Õ¹Ï¥H¶D½Ñ²z©Êªº¤èªk¨ÓÃÒ¹ê¤W«Òªº¦s¦b©MÄÝ©Ê¡C«á¨Ó¦b¤@½g¡mÃö©ó¤W«Ò¦s¦bªº½Í¸Ü¡n¡]Proslogium¡^¸Ì³Ð¥ß¤F¤W«Ò¦s¦bªº¥»Åé½×½×ÃÒ¡]ontological argument¡^¡C1093¦~¤É¥ô§¢¯S§B¨½¡]Canterbury¡^¤j¥D±Ð¡C¦b¥D±Ð±Ô¥ôÅv¤§ª§¡]Investiture
Controversy¡^¤¤¡A¥LÁn©ú¥u¦³±Ð·|·í§½¡]¦Ó¤£¬O¥@«U·í§½¡^¦³Åv±Â¾µ¹¥L¡C1099¦~§¹¦¨¡m¬°¤°»ò¤W«Ò»P¤H¦P§Î¡H¡n¡]Cur Deus
homo?¡A^Ķ¦WWhy Did God Become Man?¡^®Ñ½Z¡A¦¨¬°Å«¸oªº¸g¨å²z½×¡C1720¦~¦w·æÛ³Q¦C¬°°ò·þ±Ðªì´Áªø¦Ñ¤§¤@¡C
[35] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶177¡C
[36] 11 ¥@¬ö¤¤´Á¥H«e¡A±Ð·|¹ê»Ú¤W¬O¥@«U¤ýÅv¡B»â¥Dªº¥@«U¤u¨ã¡D°l¨DÆF»î¬@±Ï¡Bºë¯«¥Í¬¡ªº±Ð·|§¹¥þ³´¤J¥@«U¥Í¬¡¡A¨Ï±Ð·|»G¤Æ²{¶HÄY«¡G³\¦h±Ð¤h°ù©d¡A±Ð¾¤½¶}¶R½æ¡AºÙ爲¡§¶R½æ¸t¾¡¨¡A¬Æ¦Ü³s±Ð¬Ó¾¦ì¤]¶R½æ¡D¦p¦¹¡A¤Þ°_±Ð·|¤º³¡ªº§ï²¹B°Ê¡AºÙ§J§f¥§¹B°Ê¡]±o¦W©ó§J§f¥§×¹D°|¡^¡D¶213¡C
[37]http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/crusades.htm¡G The First Crusade was the most
successful in that it actually accomplished what it set out to do - conquer
[38] Jo Ann Hoeppner
Moran Cruz¡GMedieval worlds : an introduction to European history, 300-1492¡Ap.333,
¡¥Like Eleanor, whose cultural patronage has been widely noted, he patronized writers. A number of letter collections and Latin treatises, mostly on law and history, were produced around Henry¡¦s court.¡¦
[39]¤Q¤T¥@¬öªº©v±Ðµô§P§Y¬O¦p¦¹¡C°Ñ¨£C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶177¡C
[40]±Ð¬Ó³Ç©Ô¦è¯Q´µ¤@¥@¡]492¡X¡X496¦~爲±Ð¬Ó¡^´£¥X¤F ¡§Âù¼C¡¨½×¡C¥L»¡¡A¦b°ò·þ¨ºùØ¡A¥»¨Ó¬O§g¥D¡B±Ð¥D¦X爲¤@Å骺¡F¦ý°ò·þ²`ª¾¤Hªº®zÂI¡A«K¦b¹Ð¥@¤¤±N³o¨âºØ¾¯à¤À¶}¡A±N¨â§â¼C¤@µ¹§g¥D¡A¤@µ¹±Ð¥D¡A¨Ã¥O¥L̤¬¬Û´£Äâ¡C»\©Ô¦è»¡¡G¡§ªv²z²{¥@¦³¨â¤j¨t²Î¡A¤@爲±Ð¤hªº¯«Åv¡A¤@爲¤H¥Dªº§gÅv¡C¦b¡¥³Ì«á§P¨M¡¦¤¤¡A´N¬O§g¥D¤]¥²¶·¥Ñ±Ð¥D¥N¦V¤Ñ¥Dt³d¡C´N¦¹ÂI¦Ó½×¡A«h³o¨âºØÅv¤O¤¤¡A±Ð¤hÅv¤Oªº¤À¶q¸û«¡C¡¨
¨£¡q¤Ñ½á¶W¸s¡G±ÐÅv¨î±M¨î¤ýÅvªº¥¨¤j°^Äm¡r¸ü©óhttp://www.rxhj.net/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=5094&sid=16ad55e751786b65df5a32edd1064015
[41]¨£µù30¡C
[42]¨£µù24¡C
[43] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶228¡G¡u¦ë§Q«ü³d¥Lªº¤j¥D±Ð¡A±±§i¥L¹ï^°ê¥Ç¤U¦UºØ¸o¦æ¡A¨©§J¯S§_»{°ê§g¦³Åv¼f§P¤j¥D±Ð¡A¹E°kÂ÷^°ê¡A´M¨D±Ð¬Óªº¤ä«ù¡C±Ð¬Ó¨È¾ú¤s¤j¤T¥@¡X¥¿»P´´¯P¯S¤Ú¤Úù¨F¤O°«¤£´±¦A²¨»·¦ë§Q¡F¦ý¬O¡A¥L¤]¤£¯à¤£¤Ï¹ï¨©§J¯S³o»ò¼ö¤ßªº±Ð·|¤ä«ùªÌ¡C³o°¶¤jªº«ß®v±Ð¬Ó¥u¦n¬J¹ª»R¨©§J¯S¡A¤S¤£»P¦ë§Q²æÂ÷Ãö«Y¡X©ó¬O¨©§J¯S¬y¤`¤F¤»¦~¡C¡v
[44] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶228¡G¡u¤@¤@¤C¹s¦~¡A¦ë§Q¤G¥@©M¥Lªº¤j¥D±Ð¦P·N¥ð¾Ô¡A¨âªÌ¤§¶¡¤j³¡¥÷Äa¦Ó¥¼¨Mªºª§ºÝ¤´µM¥¼¯à¥®§¡A¦ý¬O¡A³o¨âӼĹïªÌ¥ß¨è¦³¥t¥~ªºª§ºÝ¡G¨©§J¯S§â³\¦h¦ë§Qªº¤ä«ùªÌ³v¥X±Ð·|¡F¦ë§Q¤G¥@«D±`¼««ã¡C¡v
[45] C.Warren Hollister ±i¾Ç©úĶ¡G¡m¦è¬v¤¤¥j¥v¡n¡A¶228¡G¡u¨©§J¯S³Qµø¬°®î¹DªÌ¡F¸tÂݾڻ¡´¿¦b¨ä¼X¹Ó¤¤¥X²{¡A©ó¬O¥L¨³³t³Q«Ê¸t®{¡C¡v
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